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Rhetorical Analysis
Rhetorical Analysis Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a main idea? | The central point of the passage. It might be clearly stated, or the reader may need to infer it. Only pick choices supported by the whole passage. |
| What is a primary purpose? | Why the author wrote the text. This often requires inferencing. Think about tone and word choice. |
| Controversial means? | A statement that goes against the accepted societal view. |
| Criticism means? | The author's opinion about an idea or topic. |
| Generalization means? | An overarching statement made about a topic. |
| A definition is? | How a word or concept is defined or explained. |
| A comparison is? | Points made to show a similarity between two topics. |
| A summary is? | The author provides a recap of an idea, often at the end of the passage. |
| A claim is? | The main point or position that the author is trying to prove |
| Evidence is? | Facts, statistics, examples, studies, or observations used to support a claim |
| Relevance is? | How directly the evidence connects to the claim |
| Sufficiency is? | Whether the evidence is strong and specific enough to support the claim |
| Strong evidence is usually? | Specific, measurable, and directly tied to the claim. Be cautious of choices that are true but unrelated or emotionally persuasive rather than logically supportive. |
| An audience is? | The intended reader of a text |
| How does the intended audience affect the text? | It affects the vocabulary used, the complexity of the organization, the argument made, and the amount of information presented in a passage |
| What steps can you take to determine the audience? | Determine the author's purpose. Understanding why it was written can help you identify who it was written for. Pay attention to the level of vocabulary used. What does the author assume the reader knows/doesn't know? |
| An author's attitude is? | A combination of their main idea and tone. |
| What is a strategy to determine an author's attitude? | Look closely at an author's descriptive vocabulary and consider whether those words have a positive or negative connotation |
| What is the goal of persuasive techniques? | To convince the reader that the author's opinion is correct |
| What are rhetoric appeals? | Using the audience's interests or desires to convince them of a certain point of view Ex. People attending a nutrition conference could be convinced to try a product that will "make them healthy," is "free of artificial ingredients," etc. |
| What types of emotional language are used in persuasive writing? | Humor, Negativity, Inclusive/Exclusive, & Positive or Negative Connotations |
| Humor is... | Making jokes or other language to feel more like the audience's "friend" |
| Negativity is... | Using harsh or attacking language to belittle the opposing side |
| Inclusive/Exclusive is.... | Bringing the audience in by grouping them together or separating the others |
| Positive or Negative Connotations is when... | The author utilizes the connotation of a word to influence opinion Ex. The vet murdered my dog. Negative. The vet euthanized my dog. Still sad, but more positive. |
| What other persuasive techniques are used by authors (3)? | Figurative language, rhetorical questions (questions that are not meant to be answered because the correct answer is obvious, and anyone who doesn't answer correctly must be wrong), and repetition |
| What is a strategy students can use to determine what should be included as supporting evidence? | Graphic Organizers |
| What are supporting details used for? | To prove the main idea, thesis, or topic. The detail should be excluded if a sentence does not help prove the author's point. |
| What is a mode of rhetoric? | A term used to describe the purpose of communication |
| How many modes of rhetoric are commonly used in writing and speaking? What are they? | 4: Narration, description, exposition, argumentation |
| Narration does what? Types include... | tells a story about an event. anecdotes, novels, biographies, and short stories. |
| Description does what? Types include... | vividly describes the topic in a way that enables the reader to picture it. poetry, journals, and most narration. |
| Exposition does what? Types include... | explains or informs about a topic. reports, articles, how-tos, academic writing, scientific reports, etc. |
| Argumentation does what? Types include... | proves the author's point through reasoning and evidence advertisements, editorials, and some speeches |
| What are advertising techniques? What do they seek to do? | Also known as persuasive techniques. While they all have different qualities, many appeal to an audience's realized or desired user image. |
| What is a realized user image? | Recognizes who someone is and suggests that they fit the consumer role that the product fills |
| What fallacy does a realized user image typically fall victim to? | Bandwagon fallacies that feature "average Joes" or groups to which the viewer is likely to belong. |
| What is a desired user image? | Plays upon the types of people viewers want to be and displays in advertisements that a particular product or service will help them achieve that goal |
| What are snob appeals? | A way that advertisements manipulate consumers' desired user image; these arguments appeal to people's desire to elevate their status. Ex. Commercials that show men who use a certain type of body spray getting attention from women |
| When are appeals to authority used in advertising? | When an expert opinion is brought to bear to support a product or service. |
| How do advertisements use emotional appeals? | Loaded words to evoke emotions in the reader or create a subconscious awareness about the product. Other examples include ads that evoke fear, disgust, or joy, images of positivity. Ex. "In the arms of the angel" dog commercials |
| What do logical appeals use? | Figures, graphs, statistics, historical analogies, or studies to persuade an audience from a fact-based perspective |
| What are testimonials? | A person's written or spoken statement articulating the product's benefits. Commonly used to convince viewers that a good or service is desirable, usually given by "average Joe's" |
| What is another word for "transition words"? | Signal words (identify the type of organization used) |
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