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Chapter 2
Ch 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AM3+ | A type of pin grid array CPU socket used with AMD Piledriver and Bulldozer processors and the 9 series chipset. |
| AM4 | A type of CPU socket used with AMD Ryzen and Athlon processors and the AM4 family of chipsets, including the 970, 980G, and 990X chipsets. The socket has 1331 pins in a pin grid array. |
| ATX | The most common form factor for desktop computer cases, motherboards, and power supplies; It was originally introduced by Intel in 1995. |
| back flash | To revert to an earlier version of BIOS/UEFI after flashing BIOS/UEFI. |
| BitLocker Encryption | A Windows utility that works with the TPM chip to lock down a hard drive by encrypting the entire Windows volume on the drive. |
| bus | A system of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission |
| chipset | A group of chips on the motherboard that controls the timing and flow of data and instructions to and from the CPU. |
| Compatibility Support Module (CSM) | A feature of UEFI that allows UEFI to be backward compatible with legacy BIOS devices and drivers. |
| device driver | A small program stored on the hard drive and installed in Windows that tells Windows how to communicate with a specific hardware device such as a printer, network, port on a motherboard, or scanner. |
| Extended ATX (E-ATX) | A larger version of ATX motherboard form factors |
| flashing BIOS/UEFI | The process of upgrading or refreshing the programming and data stored on the firmware chip. |
| GPT | A method for partitioning hard drives that allows for drives of any size, greater that 2 TB. For windows, a drive that uses this method can have up to 128 partitions. |
| hardware security module (HSM) | A hard drive encryption device that can be installed. |
| header | An internal connector on a motherboard that consists of a group of pins that stick up on the board. |
| I/O shield | A plate installed on the rear of a computer case that provides holes for I/O ports coming off the motherboard. |
| Jumper | Two small posts or metal pins that stick up side by side on a motherboard or other device and are used to hold configuration information. |
| LGA | A socket that has blunt protruding pins in uniform rows that connect with lands or pads on the bottom of the processor. |
| LGA1151 | A CPU socket for Intel processors that uses a land grid array and 1151 pins. This socket was released in 2015. |
| LGA1200 | A CPU socket for Intel processors that uses a land grid array and 1200 pins. This socket was released in 2020 and works with the 10th and 11th generation processors and chipsets. |
| LGA1700 | A larger CPU socket (also called Socket V) for Intel processors that uses a land grid array and 1700 pins. This socket was released in 2021 and works with 12th generation (Alder Lake) processors. |
| M.2 connector | A motherboard or expansion card slot that connects to a mini add-on card. The slot uses a PCIe, USB, or SATA interface with the motherboard chipset, and several variations of the slot exist. |
| MBR | method for partitioning a hard drive that allows for four partitions, and a drive capacity limit of 2 TB. On an MBR hard drive, the first sector is called the MBR; it contains the partition table and a program motherboard that firmware uses to boot an OS |
| Mini-ITX (or ITX or mITX) | A motherboard form factor which is a smaller version of microATX. |
| onboard port | A port that is directly on the motherboard, such as a built-in keyboard port or onboard network port. |
| overclocking | Running a processor at a higher frequency than that recommended by the manufacturer. |
| PCI | A bus common to personal computers that uses a 32-bit wide or 64-bit data path. |
| PGA | A socket that has holes aligned in uniform rows around it to receive the pins on the bottom of the processor. |
| Platform Key (PK) | A digital signature that belongs to the motherboard or computer manufacturer. |
| Preboot eXecution Environment or Pre-Execution Environment (PXE) | Programming contained in the BIOS/UEFI code on the motherboard that is used to start up the computer and search for a server on the network to provide a bootable operating system. |
| protocol | A set of rules and standards that two entities use for communication. |
| SAS | An interface standard used mostly by storage devices—typically in servers and workstations— and the successor of SCSI. |
| Secure Boot | A UEFI and OS feature that prevents a system from booting up with drivers or an OS that is not digitally signed and trusted by the motherboard or computer manufacturer. |
| small form factor (SFF) | A motherboard used in low-end computers and home theater systems. |
| S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) | A BIOS/UEFI and hard drive feature that monitors hard drive performance, disk spin-up time, temperature, distance between the head and the disk, and other mechanical activities of the drive in order to predict when it is likely to fail. |
| socket | A rectangular device with pins or pads to connect the processor to the motherboard and hold the processor in place. |
| sTRX4 socket | A land grid array (LGA) socket that supports 3rd generation Threadripper processors and uses the TRX40 chipset. |
| TPM chip | A chip that stores the startup key, that you can be used with encryption software to prevent unauthorized access. |
| TR4 socket | An LGA socket that supports Threadripper processors and uses the AMD X399 chipset. |
| Trace | Circuits or paths that enable data, instructions, timing signals, and power to move from component to component on the board. |
| USB | Multipurpose bus and connector standards used for internal and external ports for a variety of devices. |
| USB power share | A setting which enables you to charge a USB device even when the computer is turned off. |
| USB wake support | A setting which allows a USB device to wake a computer on action. |
| virtualization | Allows your computer system to run as unique computer system with full access to all hardware for individual applications. |
| virtual machine | Software managed by a hypervisor that simulates the hardware of a physical computer, creating one or more logical machines within one physical machine. |
| ZIF socket | A processor socket with one or two levers on the sides that are used to move the processor out of or into the socket so that equal force is applied over the entire socket housing. |
Created by:
CarlyJo87