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Pharmacolgy
Chapter 37
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A primary function of the respiratory system is the delivery of | oxygen to the body cells |
| A primary function of the respiratory system is the removal of | carbon dioxide |
| Gas exchange occurs in the | alveoli |
| Exchange on a cellular level is what respiration? | internal |
| Breathing in and out within the lungs is called | external |
| The upper respiratory tract includes the | nose, pharynx, and larynx |
| The lower respiratory tract includes the | trachea, lungs, bronchi, and alveoli |
| The most dangerous infections occur in which respiratory tract? | lower |
| Examples of lower tract infections are | COPD and Asthma |
| A chronic inflammatory airway disease is | Asthma |
| Bronchospasm, inflammation, edema, and thick mucus production are characteristics of | Asthma |
| Symptoms of Asthma are | wheezing, dyspnea, and chest tightness |
| A problem with the airway but no association with a specific trigger is | intrinsic (non-allergy) |
| A problem with the airway due to being triggered by something is | extrinsic (allergic) |
| Exercise and drugs can induce an asthma attack | True |
| A sever prolonged asthma attack that is a medical emergency and is life threatening due to no asthma medication working is a | status asthmaticus |
| Norepinephrine acts as the (hint SNS) | sympathetic nervous system |
| Epinephrine is nonspecific, nonselective, not an antihistamine and targets the whole | body |
| Epinephrine is an | Adrenergic Agonist (Adrenaline) |
| What does COPD stand for? | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| COPD has progressive airway limitations and is not fully | reversible |
| COPD include | Chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| Chronic bronchitis is not having enough air and is not | reversible |
| Excess mucus, chronic inflammation, productive cough, and narrowing of airway with low grade infection is | chronic bronchitis |
| The destruction of the alveoli is | emphysema |
| Reduced gas exchange is | emphysema |
| Drugs that relax bronchial smooth muscles by producing airway dilation are | bronchodilators |
| The 3 main bronchodilator classes are (hint BAX) | Beta adrenergic agonist, anticholinergic, xanthine derivatives |
| Stimulation of Beta2 receptor, increase cAMP, and relaxation of airway smooth muscle are | Beta Adrenergic Agonist |
| Types of Beta2 Adrenergic Agonist are | SABA (short-acting beta agonist) and LABA (long-acting beta agonist) |
| SABA are fasting and are | rescue inhalers (rapid response) |
| Albuterol, Levalbuterol, and Terbutaline inhaler medications are examples of | SABA (short-acting beta agonist) |
| The use for SABA is for acute | asthma attacks and bronchospasm relief |
| LABA are long duration and NOT for | acute rescue |
| LABA keeps albuterol in the airway for long | periods of time |
| Maintenance and prevention inhalers refer to | LABA |
| Salmeterol and Formoterol inhaler medications are examples of | LABA |
| LABA can be used with | corticosteroids |
| Adverse effects of Beta-Adrenergic Agonist are | Tremor, Tachycardia, Nervousness, Hyperglycemia |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias and uncontrolled hypertension are contraindications of | Beta Adrenergic Agonist |
| Anticholinergic block acetylcholine, prevent bronchoconstriction, and cause airway | dilation |
| Examples of anticholinergic medications are (hint TIA=ium) | Tiotropium (Spiriva), Ipratropium (Atrovent), Aclidinium |
| Anticholinergics are not used for acute attacks but are used for | COPD maintenance, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema |
| Dry mouth, cough, headache, and gastrointestinal upset are adverse effects of | anticholinergics |
| Xanthine derivative is a caffeine ingredient and has no relation to what medication? | Albuterol |
| Xanthine derivatives inhibit phosphodiesterase | True |
| Theophylline and Aminophylline are examples of Xanthine derivates | True |
| Theophylline is a bronchodilator and considered a classic asthma treatment | True |
| Aminophylline is a synthetic form of Theophylline | True |
| Bronchodilation, CNS, cardiac stimulation, and mild uresis are effects of xanthine derivates | True |
| Adverse effects of xanthine derivates are nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, and insomnia | True |
| What is the preferred narrow therapeutic range | 5-15 mcg/ml |
| What does the narrow therapeutic range >15mcg/ml indicate? | greater risk for theophylline toxicity |
| Leukotriene Receptors Antagonist (LTRA) is an inflammatory response to foreign invader non-bronchodilators | True |
| Montelukast (Singular) Zafirlukast (Accolate) Zileuton (Zyflo) are examples of Leukotriene Receptors Antagonist (LTRA) | True |
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (LTRA) block what? | Leukotrienes |
| When leukotrienes are blocked this decreases inflammation, mucus, and bronchoconstriction | True |
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (LTRA) is for long-term asthma control and allergic rhinitis | True |
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (LTRA) are not for acute attacks | True |
| A key warning with Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (LTRA- Montelukast) are mood/behavior changes (suicide thoughts in adolescent) | True |
| What is an example of an antiinflammatory? | corticosteroid |
| The purpose for Corticosteroids reduces | inflammation (prednisone) |
| Corticosteroids increase B2 receptor responsiveness | True |
| Albuterol attaches itself to B2 receptors | True |
| Examples of corticosteroids are (BBF) | Beclomethasone Budesonide Fluticasone |
| Fluticasone is an inhaler nasal spray | True |
| Corticosteroids are used with persistent asthma, chronic inflammation, and acute exacerbations | True |
| The adverse effects of corticosteroids are oral candidiasis, hoarseness, and cough | True |
| What is oral candidiasis? | thrush (yeast infection in the mouth/tongue) |
| Advance therapies are phosphodiesterase (inhibitors) and roflumilast which reduce COPD | exacerbations |
| Omalizumab and Mepolizumab are Monoclonal antibodies | True |
| Monoclonal antibodies target IgE and immune responses | True |
| Risks of Monoclonal antibodies is Anaphylaxis | True |
| Nursing implications and patient teaching assessments are respiratory rate, lung sounds, oxygen saturation, sputum characteristic, and/or smoking history | True |
| A spacer is a tube connected to the inhaler to receive | all medication |
| Wait 2-5 minutes in between inhaler administering | True |
| Rinse mouth after corticosteroid delivery | True |
| Do not overuse rescue inhaler | True |
Created by:
Daarina Jones