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Concepts II
Chapter 36
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is made of powdered ingredients compressed into various sizes and shapes... | Tablet |
| The most common form of oral medication, majority are designed to be swallowed are... | Tablets |
| Tablets that containing an outer coating that does not dissolve until the medication reaches the intestines is an | Enteric coated medication |
| These medications are absorbed slowly over time for a continuous effect.. | Sustained release |
| Small-bore feeding tubes can easily become obstructed if clumping occurs. | True |
| Do not crush or break sustained-release or enteric-coated tablets. | True |
| What tablets are dissolved between cheek and gum? | Buccal tablets |
| The tablets that are absorbed through the walls of the numerous blood vessels in the inner cheek are.... | Buccal tablets |
| A drug form that dissolves on top of the tongue is an | oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) |
| Medicines in ODT form can be prescribed by a health-care provider or purchased over the counter | True |
| These types of tablets can be used for patients who have dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) | oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) |
| Tell the patient not to eat or drink after taking an ODT for.. | 5 minutes before or 5 minutes after to ensure the medication is absorbed. |
| When taking an oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) instruct the patient not to ... | split or crush the tablet and to handle it with dry hands. |
| Explain that ODTs should not be | chewed or swallowed whole. |
| The patient should allow the ODT tablet to | melt on the top of the tongue |
| A gelatin shell containing a powder or pellets of medication is | a capsule |
| Liquid oral dosage medication forms include...(hint SSSE) | syrups, solutions, suspensions, and elixirs. |
| An elixir may contain sweeteners or flavorings and can also contain | water and alcohol. |
| A solution is a liquid that contains | a dissolved substance. |
| A suspension is not dissolved but mixed with a liquid and | the fine particles of the medication |
| A syrup is a concentrated aqueous preparation of sugars, with or without flavoring agents, and medicinal substances. | True |
| Oral iron preparations can | stain the teeth |
| Administer liquid medications that can stain teeth by having the patient | drink it out of the medicine cup using a straw |
| If the patient is NPO, do not administer routine | medications unless ordered to do so |
| If the patient is complaining of nausea or is vomiting, withhold the medication and notify | the health-care provider |
| Narcotic medications are made with opium and opium derivatives that | control and relieve pain |
| Narcotics have a high potential for abuse and are regulated by law according to | schedules. |
| Narcotics are controlled substances that may be administered through route | oral, topical, injectable, and IV routes. |
| If the count on the narcotics record does not match the number of narcotics in the drawer | report it immediately following facility policy |
| It is important to assess vital signs, especially respiratory status, before administering narcotics because they depress | respirations and lower blood pressure. |
| What route would patients who are unable to swallow food and medications with a nasogastric or gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement? | enteral tube route |
| When administering through the feeding tube, medications in tablet form will need to be crushed to a fine | powder and mixed with 20 mL of water |
| A mortar and pestle or a pill crusher may be used to prepare medications. | True |
| When administering through the feeding tube, most capsules can be opened and mixed with | water |
| When administering through a large bore tube, the contents of certain capsules must be mixed with | juice rather than water |
| Always mix omeprazole (Prilosec) and lansoprazole (Prevacid) with | apple or orange juice rather than water and flush the tube with juice. |
| This helps preserve the enteric coating on the granules and helps prevent clumping of the granules, which can then clog the tube. | mixing with juice |
| Sustained-release medications that are crushed or capsules that are opened against the manufacturer’s recommendations may | result not only in a quicker onset of action but also in a more intense or stronger effect and severe adverse reactions. |
| Some medications should be taken on an | empty stomach. |
| Certain medications are known to cause clumping with tube-feeding formula when given through | an enteral tube. |
| Even though some of the medications that cause clumping are liquids, they should not be administered through | an enteral feeding tube. |
| Always flush the feeding tube with 30 to 60 mL of water before and 20 to 30 mL after administration of medications to prevent | interactions with formula in the tube, adherence of the drug to the tube, and clogging of the tube. |
| It is recommended that you administer each medication how? | separately, never mixing the crushed pills or liquids together. |
| When administering multiple medications, you must also flush the tube between medications with | 20 to 30 mL of water to clear the medicine out of the tube before instilling the next medicine. |
| If you are administering medications through a nasogastric tube that is connected to suction for gastric decompression, it is very important that you discontinue the | suction and clamp the nasogastric tube for 30 minutes after you administer the medications. |
| Be sure to resume the suction in 30 minutes to prevent | distention, nausea, and vomiting from occurring because the tube is clamped too long. |
| Reorder a resident’s medications when a 7-day supply remains to avoid | interruption in medication availability. |
| The topical route of administration involves applying a drug to the | skin or mucous membranes |
| Topical drugs typically are used for their action at one specific site. In addition to the skin, other topical routes may include the | vagina, anus, eyes, and ears; however, these are sometimes distinguished from topical drugs applied to the skin. |
| It is important to keep the following considerations in mind when you are administering medications to older adults | Difficulty swallowing: Metabolism of medications: Multiple medications: Adverse drug reactions: |
| Some devices and ideas to improve administering medications to infants and children are.. | Administration devices small doses: objectionable taste |
| Topical drugs usually act locally, but they also may have | systemic effects |
| Certain topical medications are ordered to be applied | “liberally,” or with a thick coat of medication |
| Use a cotton-tipped swab or a tongue depressor to apply what kind of medications? | topical medicine. |
| Types of Topical Medication Preparations are.. | creams, gels, lotion, and ointments |
| Creams typically are viscous (thick) emulsions, with some emollient (moisturizing) ability | True |
| Gels are not as thick as | creams |
| Lotions, like creams, are emulsions, but are less viscous and moisturizing. | True |
| Ointments, like creams, are highly viscous and have an emollient base. | True |
| The transdermal route is a method of applying a drug to the | skin using a patch. |
| The transdermal route delivers a | slow, constant dose of medication. |
| Several drugs are now prepared in patch form, such as | nitroglycerin, nicotine, and hormones |
| The mouth is most common for | mucosal route medication administration. |
| Before applying the patch, write the | date, time of application, and your initials on it |
| Try to choose a site that has the least amount of | hair, such as the upper arm or lower abdomen. |
| Drugs may be absorbed through the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, rectum, and vagina and inhaled into the lungs. This is referred to as the | mucosal route of medication administration |
| This route is sometimes preferred because drugs are absorbed through mucus membranes and enter directly into the bloodstream, resulting in faster onset of action... | mucosal route |
| Drugs administered to the eye take the form of drops or ointments and usually are applied in the | lower conjunctival sac. |
| When you administer eyedrops, you will place them into the middle part of the | lower conjunctival sac. |
| To apply eye ointment, gently squeeze a line of ointment into the | conjunctival sac |
| A tissue may be used to wipe eye ointment medication from the | inner to outer part of the eye along the eyelash. |
| After administering eye ointment, press your gloved fingertip gently against the lacrimal ducts on either side of the nose for a few seconds. | True |
| To instill eardrops, position the patient lying on their side with the | affected ear up. |
| For adults and children older than 3 years of age, gently pull the pinna | up and back |
| For children younger than 3 years of age, pull the pinna | down and back. |
| What part of the ear should the eardrops penetrate? | middle ear |
| Aim the ear dropper so that the medication drop rolls down the | wall of the canal and does not drop directly onto the tympanic membrane, which would cause pain. |
| Ask the patient to remain with their head positioned with the affected ear up for at least | 2 minutes. |
| If long-term use of nasal decongestants continues, the arteries in nasal will | shrink and scar, causing lesions and nasal passage nosebleeds |
| Generally, it is not recommended to use nasal decongestant sprays for more than | 3 days. |
| Steroid nasal sprays, such as budesonide (Rhinocort), generally do not cause | rebound effects. |
| To administer nasal sprays, it is very important to position the patient with the head flexed forward so that the | spray enters the sinuses and does not go down the throat. |
| The vaginal routes come in the form of | suppositories, creams, aerosol foams, or tablets that are inserted into the vagina and dissolve there. |
| When administering vaginal medication routes, gently insert the applicator into the vagina along the posterior vaginal wall for approximately | 3 inches (8 cm) and depress the plunger to disperse the cream. |
| After administering vaginal medication routes, instruct the patient to remain lying down for between | 5 and 15 minutes so that the medication can be absorbed. |
| Vaginal tablets are diamond shaped and fit into the end of an | applicator with a plunger. |
| Insert the suppository with the | index finger. |
| Medications given via the rectal route are inserted directly into the | rectum and may be ordered when nausea or vomiting is present or when the patient cannot take anything by mouth |
| Rectal administration of medications may be used to directly treat | local pain and inflammation. |
| Diazepam rectal gel (Diastat) is a medication approved for | epilepsy |
| Hydrocortisone (Anucort-HC), for example, is a rectal suppository used for | swelling and inflammation caused by hemorrhoids |
| Rectal suppositories are often administered to stimulate a | bowel movement. One example is bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppositories. |
| If a patient has cardiac dysrhythmia or had a recent myocardial infarction, avoid using the | rectal route for medication administration because insertion may stimulate the vagus nerve and trigger a dysrhythmia. |
| What is given to help decrease dangerously high potassium levels in the blood? | sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) |
| Nurses do not administer medications via the rectal route for patients with | heart conditions |
| The respiratory routes are dispersed in fine droplets and inhaled into the lungs and bronchial airways, usually through the use | of inhalers or nebulizers |
| Nebulizers use compressed air forced through liquid medication, resulting inⶠa fine mist that is inhaled into the | bronchi and bronchioles to dilate them. |
| Bronchodilator medications are given to open constricted airway such as | albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) and ipratropium bromide (Atrovent). |
| Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are pressurized medication dispensers that spray a premeasured amount of drug into the | lungs to get the drug into the airways more efficiently |
| Short-acting bronchodilators are delivered quickly to treat an | acute asthma attack |
| MDIs are also used to deliver anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators to | long-term management of asthma. |
| Most metered-dose inhalers have a counter on the back showing the number of | doses remaining in the inhaler |
| Steroids in the oral cavity can lead to a yeast infection called | thrush, so rinsing out the mouth after use prevents the steroid from remaining in the oral cavity. |
| Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) do not contain a pressurized canister and do not spray out medication; rely on the force of the patient's own inhalation to dispense a dose of | dry-powder medication. |
| Diskus inhalers are a frequently prescribed type of DPI that are flat disks containing a number of small chambers each loaded with a | dose of dry medication. |
| Ensure that the patient does not exhale directly into the DPI because the | exhalation will disperse the powder. |
| What does PIG mean? | Punch Initial Give |
| Vaginal route preparations come with a | disposable tubular applicator with a plunger to insert the medication |
| Common DPIs are (hint RSDH) | Rota, Spin, Diskus, Handi inhalers. |
Created by:
Daarina Jones