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Concepts II
Chapter 35
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical name is the exact... | ingredient of the medication (molecular name) |
| Generic name is assigned by the US.... | Adopted Name Council |
| What medication name is owned by the pharmaceutical company? | Trade Name |
| What medication name is not owned by the pharmaceutical company? | Generic Name |
| Medication name that is not capitalized | Generic Name |
| Medication name that is not used in prescribing or administering? | Chemical Name |
| Nonproprietary medication name is called a... | Generic Name |
| Medication name written in a chemical formula way is called | Chemical name |
| An example of a generic name medication is.... | Ibuprofen |
| An example of a trade name medication is... | Motrin |
| Proprietary medication name is called a... | Trade name |
| A nonproprietary medication name takes how many years before becoming a proprietary medication name? | 10years |
| A Generic medication is more expensive than a trade name until... | drug becomes a trade name |
| A brand name is the same as a trade name? | True |
| Which medication name is capitalized? | TRADE NAME |
| What needs a script from a doctor? | Prescription medications |
| What medications do not need a prescription from a doctor? | Over The Counter Medications (OTC) |
| OTC (nonprescription) medications can be kept behind the | pharmacy counter |
| Why are some OTC medications kept behind the pharmacy counter? | Because of the ability to make street drugs. |
| Who can write a prescription order? | A physician, physician assistant (depending on the state law), and a nurse practitioner |
| A prescription includes patients and healthcare providers identifying information, medication name and dose, instruction to the pharmacy, any special instruction, and directions for.. | the patients use |
| The routes of medications are...(hint:STOMP) | Sublingual, Topical, Oral, Mucosal, Parenteral |
| Taking medication through the mouth is what route | Oral |
| Taking medication under the tongue is what route | Sublingual |
| Taking medication mucosal is given in what areas? (hint:REEVIL) | Rectum, Eye, Ear, Vagina, Inhaled through the Lungs |
| Taking medication on the skin is what route | Topical |
| Taking medication intradermally, intravenously, subcutaneously, and intramuscularly is what route | Parenteral |
| The Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act categorizes drugs according to their abuse potential using a schedule from | I to V |
| Which schedule drugs requires double lock and must be counted at the end of every shift? | Schedule II |
| What is diversion of drugs mean? | When a nurse takes their patients drugs |
| The reason a medication is prescribed or the purpose for which it is given is called.. | Desired Effects |
| What are the following four laws that affect the way drugs are developed, marketed, stored, and named today? | Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1952, Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962, Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act of 1970 |
| What are some examples of schedule I drugs? | LSD, Heroin, Pey-ote, and Mes-ca-line |
| What are schedule I drugs medically used for? | They have no medical use yet highly addictive |
| Schedule II drugs have a medical use and have the potential to be.. | abused |
| Examples of scheduled II drugs are.. | morphine, codeine, amphetamine, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, fentanyl, and short-acting barbiturates |
| While having a potential for abuse, these scheduled drugs are at less risk to be abused than those in Schedules I and II. | Schedule III |
| Examples off schedule III drugs are... | lower doses of barbiturates, acetaminophen with codeine, paregoric, and anabolic steroids. |
| These schedule drugs have a lower potential for abuse than schedule I, II, and III medications... | schedule IV |
| Examples of schedule IV drugs are... | central nervous system depressants such as diazepam, lorazepam, meprobamate, chloral hydrate, and phenobarbital. |
| These schedule drugs have the lowest potential for abuse... | schedule V |
| What are examples of schedule V drugs? | very small amounts of codeine and atropine, (cough medications with codeine), and antidiarrheals, (diphenoxylate with atropine-Lomotil). |
| This schedule drug does not call for a prescription but must be signed by consumer with provide identification to buy it.. | schedule V |
| What occurs when an unintended outcome occurs? | a side effect |
| What are unintended outcomes and more severe or harmful side effects called? | adverse effects |
| Severe adverse effects are those that are life-threatening and require medical intervention to prevent permanent... | damage or death (could lead to hospitalization, disability, or congenital damage to an infant). |
| The following are some reasons that adverse reactions might occur: | Chronic illness (affects the body’s ability to metabolize and excrete the drug) Drug allergies Liver or renal impairment or failure History of previous drug reactions |
| When the patient’s body reacts to the medication as a foreign invader to be destroyed it is called an | allergic reaction |
| A typical mild allergic reaction causes these symptoms... | a rash, hives, and itching |
| Antihistamine helps prevent... | mild allergic responses |
| Anaphylactic reaction is life threatening. | True |
| Anaphylactic reaction causes what symptoms? | swelling of the airways shortness of breath respiratory arrest decreased blood pressure circulatory collapse |
| Classifications of medications that often cause allergic reactions include the following... | Antibiotics (penicillin and sulfa drugs) Iodine and dyes (injected for certain procedures) Vaccines Anticonvulsants (seizure medications) |
| A therapeutic level is the amount of medication in the blood needed to achieve the desired... | effects on the target organ(s). |
| Too much medication in the body is called | toxicity |
| What is one medication that can cause toxicity? | Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| What is a cardiac glycoside that can accumulate in the body? | Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| What is an anticoagulant medication for blood clotting? | Warfarin (Coumadin) |
| The antibiotic tetracycline (Doxycycline) should not be taken with dairy products because proteins in these foods cause decreased... | absorption of the drug. |
| Grapefruit juice should not be consumed with certain medications taken to lower cholesterol because the juice interferes with the enzymes that break down the drugs, causing the blood levels of the medication to become too.... | high |
| St. John's wort is a popular herbal supplement to relieve mild to moderate... | depression (can interact with many medication) |
| Vitamins and herbal supplements can interact with medications and interfere with their effectiveness. | True |
| St John's wort can interact with birth control pills by increasing the breakdown of... | estrogen, which decreases the effectiveness of the medication |
| St. John's wort can interact with narcotics because it decreases the rate of excretion of these drugs from the body, leading to increased effects and side... | effects of some narcotics. |
| Medication research books are.. (hint PDR, NDH, PT) | Physicians' Desk Reference, nursing drug handbooks, and pharmacology textbooks. |
| What does a Physicians Desk Reference include? | detailed information about a large number of medications. |
| What does INR stand for? | international normalized ratio |
| What does PT stand for? | prothrombin (blood test) |
| Anticoagulants prevent what? | heart attack, stroke, and blood clots |
| Anticoagulant side effects are... | internal and external bleeding |
| PTT stands for? | partial thromboplastin time (monitor anticoagulants) |
| Antiplatelet agents prevent blood clotting but work by making platelets less ... | sticky so they are less likely to form clots |
| Antihypertensives do what? | lower blood pressure; (more than one drug is prescribed because they work in different ways). |
| Anticonvulsants do what? | decrease seizure activity caused by epilepsy or other causes. |
| Antidepressants do what? | relieve depression and treat certain types of pain (migraine headaches) |
| Bronchodilators do what? | open airways to ease shortness of breath associated with asthma and emphysema. |
| Bronchodilators have side effects of ...(hint TANIA) | tremors, agitation, nausea, insomnia, and anxiety, |
| Respiratory Medications such as Antihistamines are prescribed for what purpose? | to block the action of histamine, which decreases allergy symptoms, including mild respiratory allergies (hay fever and sinus conditions); to prevent or treat motion sickness symptoms. |
| Anti-inflammatories, including steroids are for what purpose? | decrease the symptoms of inflammation and to relieve pain from muscle strain/sprain and arthritis |
| Anti-inflammatories can often cause...(hint GI) | gastrointestinal side effects (heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and ulcers) |
| To block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system; slow peristalsis and reduce stomach acid production; is sometimes called antispasmodics is an... | Anticholinergic |
| Anticholinergic can reduce | gastric motility, causing of constipation, and can cause urinary retention (assess frequently for distended bladder and abdomen) |
| Patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics should not eat foods high in potassium or take potassium supplements. | True |
| Decrease edema and fluid retention; rid the body of excess fluid through the urine is a | Diuretics |
| Medications that regulate an irregular heartbeat; act on the nerve impulses in the heart; often slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure; suppress cardiac Arrhythmias is what? | Antiarrhythmics |
| Medication orders can be written by what healthcare professional? | physician, physician assistance, and nurse practitioner |
| Stat order means... | immediately, no more than 15 minutes |
| Daily is.. | one time a day |
| Twice per day is.. | every 12 hours |
| Three times a day is... | every 8 hours |
| Four times a day is... | every 4 hours |
| As needed (prn) means... | as needed within specific time limits |
| One time means... | only give one time (do not continue to administer) |
| Who determined that some abbreviations are not to be used anymore? | The Joint Commissioner |
| The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has compiled a list of error-prone ... | abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations (acceptable abbreviations commonly used in medication orders, along with their meanings) |
| Medication measurements are mostly made using the metric system. | True |
| Medications are ordered in... | milliliters, milligrams, and micrograms |
| This system is used when medications are ordered that have existed for a very long time... | apothecary system |
| Grains was measured in what system? | apothecary system |
| The Joint Commission does not recommend use of the apothecary system because of the confusion it may cause. | True |
| Apothecary weight measurement of 1 grain (gr) is | 60 or 65 milligrams (mg) |
| Apothecary weight measurement of 1/2 grain (gr) is | 30 mg |
| Apothecary weight measurement of 1/4 grain (gr) is | 15 mg |
| Metric weight measurement of 1 kilogram (kg) is | 2.2 pounds (lbs.) |
| Apothecary volume measurement of 1 fluid dram is | 5 milliliters (metric) and 1 teaspoon (household) |
| Apothecary volume measurement of 3 fluid dram is | 15 ml (metric) and 1 tablespoon (household) |
| Apothecary volume measurement of 1 fluid ounce is | 30 ml(metric) and 2 tablespoons (household) |
| Micrograms of 1,000,000 = how many milligrams and grams? | 1000mg and 1 gram |
| Micrograms of 100,000 = how many mg and grams? | 100mg and 0.1 grams |
| Micrograms of 1000= how many mg and grams? | 1mg and 0.001 grams |
| Move decimal 3 place to the right to convert to a | smaller unit |
| Move decimal 3 places to the left to convert to a | larger unit |
| To provide inventory control and safe medication storage, many acute care facilities use a computerized cabinet. One type is called | Pyxis |
| A medication cart is used in | acute and long-term care facilities |
| Medication carts in a hospital setting are stocked by who? | pharmacy staff (every 24hours) |
| Medication carts in long-term care facility's package medication every | 30-days on blister cards kept in the residents section of the drawer |
| There is a separate locking drawer for narcotics storage and the cart locks as well | True |
| Locked bins are built where? | into the closet of the patients' room |
| What are the seven rights of administration before giving any medication to a patient? | right medication, right dose, right patient, right route, right time and date, right documentation, right indication |
| Some facilities use barcodes for inventory control, charges, and patient identification when administering medications | True |
Created by:
Daarina Jones