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medical terms ch5/4
medical terms ch5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nerves (neuro) | wires that sends information to your brain |
| brain | encephalo (brain inside head) |
| peripheral nervous system | the nerves that send and receive signals from the brain |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| largest portion of the brain | cerebrum |
| cerebellum | controls coordination of movement |
| dura | outer tough layer that protects the central nervous system |
| brain root | cerebr/o, encephal/o |
| cerebellum root | cerebell/o |
| lobe root | lob/o |
| lobe meaning | smaller subdivisions of any organ |
| head root | cephal/o |
| head, skull root | crani/o |
| meninges root | mening/o, meningi/o |
| dura root | dur/o |
| nerve root | neur/o |
| nerve bundle root | gangli/o |
| spinal cord, bone marrow root | myel/o |
| feeling/sensation root | esthesi/o |
| speech root | phas/o |
| mind root | phren/o, pscych/o |
| a break from reality | schizo |
| a loss of speaking | phaso |
| inability to feel | esthesio |
| passions/excessive desire | mania |
| sleep root | somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o |
| know root | gnosi/o |
| excessive fear of sensitivity suffix | -phobia |
| slight or partial paralysis suffix | -paresis (to let go, slacken) |
| muscle tone, tension, pressure | ton/o |
| most common imaging technique used | computed tomography, CT |
| Needs a more detailed view, or when the cerebellum is most important | MRI |
| used to assess blood circulation to the brain and monitor the speed of the blood passing through vessels | ultrasounds |
| what are ultrasounds helpful in detecting | blockages and bleeding |
| image when dye is injected in the bloodstream and an MRI is performed | MRA |
| myelogram | x-ray of the spine completed after dye is injected in the vertebrae |
| EEG | monitoring of brain's electrical currents |
| echoencephalography echo/encephalo/graphy | procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalography electro/encephalo/graphy | procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| lumbar puncture lumb/ar/puncture | inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap |
| cerebral angiography cerebr/al angio/graphy | procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
| cerebellum | little brain |
| somnambulation | sleep walking |
| involuntary muscle movements | dystonia |
| ablutophobia | fear of taking a bath |
| acrophobia | fear of heights |
| alektorophobia | fear of chickens |
| arachnophobia | fear of spiders |
| cynophobia | fear of dogs |
| dendrophobia | fear of trees |
| gynophobia | fear of women |
| ichthyphobia | fear of fish |
| nyctophobia | fear of night |
| triskaidekaphobia | fear of the number 13 |
| the most common psychiatric complaints | depression/anxiety |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| premature closure of the skull | craniosynotosis |
| symptoms to look for when ordering images of the brain | brain tumors, bleeding, presence of disease in brain tissue |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| CVA meaning | accident involving blood vessels in brain |
| macrocephaly | large head condition |
| microcephaly | abnormally small head |
| meningocele | hernia of the meninges |
| myelocele | hernia of the spinal cord |
| myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | hernia of spinal cord and meninges |
| cerebral thrombosis | blockage of blood vessels in the brain caused by a blood clot |
| common lab work done of the neurologic system | cerebrospinal, CS |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by interruption of the blood flow/supply to the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke | a stroke where blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel |
| ischemic stroke | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| transient ischemic attack tia | a mini stroke, goes away within 24 hrs |
| image of spinal cord | myelogram |
| craniomalacia | abnormal softening of the skull |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | bleeding inside the brain |
| benefits of ultrasound | assess blood circulation to the brain, monitor the speed of blood in vessels |
| drugs used to dull the pain reception from the nerves | anesthetics |
| what does bones start as? | cartilage |
| bone cells | osteocytes |
| what penetrates the cartilage? | blood vessels |
| what begins the process of replacing cartilage with bone? | bone cells |
| how do most bones harden? | from the center outward |
| what are special growth centers called? | epiphyseal plate (growth plate) |
| where is the growth center | metaphysis |
| end of the bone | epiphysis |
| long shaft of the bone | diaphysis |
| growth suffix | -physis |
| smaller bones | vertebrae |
| what protects your spinal cord? | vertebrae |
| how many sections does your spinal cord have? | 4 |
| the neck section | cervical |
| chest/upper back section | thoracic |
| lower back | lumbar/sacral |
| where does your ribs attach | to the vertebrae of the thoracic section |
| ribs | costo |
| upper arm | brachio |
| where does your upper arm lead to | the two bones of your forearm |
| what are the two bones in forearm called | radius and ulna |
| wrist | carpe |
| fingers | phalanges |
| your legs begin with | thigh bone |
| thigh bone | femur |
| two shin bones | tibia and fibula |
| ankle | tarsal |
| toes | phalanges |
| bone | oste/o |
| how many bones do you have at birth | over 300 |
| how many bones do you have as an adult | 206 bones, including kneecaps |
| neck root | cervic/o |
| vertebra root | spondyl/o |
| loin, lumber back root | lumb/o |
| arm root | brachi/o |
| finger root | dactyl/o |
| wrist root | carp/o |
| rib root | cost/o |
| femur thighbone root | femor/o |
| tibia (shinbone) root | tibi/o |
| ankle root | tars/o |
| what is the only bone not connected to another bone | hyoid bone |
| what are the connection points called | joints |
| a joint bends | flexion |
| a joint straightens | extension |
| abduction | the widening of a joint to move parts away from the body |
| adduction | joints narrow to bring parts back toward the body |
| tendons | hold muscle to bones |
| what surrounds moving joints | support tissue to aborb shock |
| ligaments | hold bone to bone |
| cartilage | surrounds bones at the joints and allows smooth movement among them |
| what are under many tendons | sacs of fluid called bursae |
| bursae function | helps keeps muscles and bones moving smoothly |
| muscles design | numerous strands (muscle fibers) bundled together, thick rope |
| the line looking appearance of muscle bundles | striations |
| skeletal muscle can be known as | striated muscle |
| muscle type of cardiac and skeletal muscles | smooth muscle, no specific bundles |
| where does the muscle bundles line in cardiac and skeletal muscle | hollow organs (blood vessel, airways) |
| what muscles are involuntary and not apart of the musculoskeletal system | cardiac and smooth muscle |
| thick membrane encasing skeletal muscle | fascia |
| what do skeletal muscles attach to | bones |
| skeletal muscles job | move the bones |
| how do muscles attach to bones | via tendons |
| tendons defined | thick bands of connective tissue |
| tendon root | ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o |
| muscle root | muscul/o, my/o, myos/o |
| muscle latin | little mouse |
| fasica root (fibrous connective tissue binding muscle together) | fasci/o |
| movement, motion root | kinesio, kinet/o |
| tone, tension root | ton/o |
| akinetopsia | a condition where a patient can see an object if it is still but unable to if it is moving |
| arrangement, order, coordination root | tax/o |
| stiff bent root | ankyl/o |
| most common musculoskeletal medical complaint | pain |
| costaglia cost/algia | rib pain |
| metatarsalgia meta/tars/algia | pain in the bones of the foot |
| ostalgia ost/algia | bone pain |
| osteodynia osteo/dynia | bone pain |
| spondylodynia spondylo/dynia | vertebra pain |
| tibialgia tibi/algia | tibia (shin) pain |
| arthrocentesis arthro/centesis | puncture of a joint |
| arthroscope (arthro/scope) | instrument for looking into a joint |
| arthroscopy arthro/scopy | procedure of looking into a joint |
| electromyogram electro/myo/gram | a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| electromyography electro/myo/graphy | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| myography myo/graphy | procedure for studying muscles |
| carpitis carp/itis | inflammation of the wrist |
| craniomalacia cranio/malacia | softening of the skull |
| exostosis ex/ost/osis | an abnormal growth of the bone out of another bone |
| fracture | a bone break |
| osteodystrophy osteo/dys/trophy | poor bone development |
| osteolysis osteo/lysis | bone loss |
| osteonecrosis osteo/necr/osis | death of bone |
| osteosclerosis osteo/scler/osis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| polydactyly poly/dactyl/y | having more than the normal number of fingers/toes |
| spondylitis spondyl/itis | vertebra inflammation |
| spondylomalacia spondylo/malacia | softening of the vertebra |
| syndactyly syn/dactyl/y | fusion (sometimes called webbing) of finger/toes |
| tarsoptosis tarso/ptosis | flat feet |
| ankylosing spondylitis akylos/ing spondyl/itis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| chondro-osteodystrophy chondro/osteo/dys/trophy | poor development of bones and cartilage |
| craniosynostosis cranio/syn/ost/osis | the premature fusing of the skull bones |
| dactylitis dactyl/itis | finger inflammation |
| hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
| osteitis oste/itis | bone inflammation |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease |
| osteomalacia | bone softening |
| osteomyelitis osteo/myel/itis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy | bone disease |
| osteopenia | reduction in bone volume |
| osteoporosis osteo/por/osis | loss of bone density |
| spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondyloarthropathy spondylo/arthro/pathy | joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis spondylo/listhesis | the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| spondylolysis spondylo/lysis | loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylosis spondyl/osis | vertebra condition |
| analgesic an/alge/sic | a drug that relieves pain |
| antiarthritic anti/arthri/tic | a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| anti-inflammatory | a drug that opposes inflammation |
| antipyretic anti/pyre/tic | a drug that opposes fever |
| arthrectomy arthr/ectomy | removal of a joint |
| arthroclasia arthro/clasia (breaking) | the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| arthrodesis desis=binding | surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthrolysis | loosening of a stiff joint |
| arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint |
| arthrotomy | incision into a joint |
| bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
| bursotomy | incision into a bursa |
| chondrectomy chondr/ectomy | removal of a cartilage |
| chondroplasty | reconstruction of a cartilage |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex (this is what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer) |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| FROM | full range of motion |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RA | rheumatoid arhtritis |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| ROM | range of motion |
| WB | weight bearing |
| WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated |
| pyarthrosis | pus in a joint |
| arthrogram | visual record of a joint |
Created by:
kaci20