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MED TERM ch 5
Flash cards from chapter 5 in module 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cerebr/o, encephal/o | brain |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| lob/o | lobe |
| cephal/o | head |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| menig/o, meningi/o | meninges (membrane around brain and spinal chord) |
| dur/o | dura (tough outer membrane around brain and spinal chord) |
| neur/o | nerve |
| gangli/o | nerve bumble |
| myel/o | spinal chord, bone marrow |
| esthesi/o | feeling, sensation |
| phas/o | speech |
| phren/o, psych/o | mind |
| somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o | sloop |
| gnosi/o | know |
| -mania | excessive desire |
| -phobia | excessive fear or sensitivity |
| -paresis | slight or partial payalysis |
| ton/o | muscle tone, tension, pressure |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, condition |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| aphasia (a/phas/ia) | inability to speak |
| ataxia (a/tax/ia) | lack of coordination |
| catatonia (cata/ton/ia) | condition characterized by reduced muscle tone |
| delirium | brief loss of mental function |
| dyskinesia (dys/kinesia) | difficulty moving |
| dyslexia (dys/lex/ia) | difficulty reading |
| dysphasia (dys/phasia) | difficulty speaking |
| dystonia (dys/ton/ia) | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia (in/somn/ia) | inability to sleep |
| myoclonus (myo/clonus) | muscle twitching |
| myospasm (myo/spasm) | involuntary muscle contraction |
| neurasthenia (neur/asthenia) | nerve weakness |
| somnambulism (sumn/ambul/ism) | sleep walking |
| syncope | fainting, from loss of blood flow to the brian |
| cephalalgia (cephal/algia), cephalodynia (cephalo/dynia) | head pain |
| encephalalgia (encephal/algia) | brain pain |
| neuralgia (neur/algia), neurodynia (neuro/dynia) | nerve pain |
| hemiparesis (hemi/paresis) | partial paralysis in half the body |
| hemiplegia (hemi/plegia) | paralysis in half of the body |
| monoparesis (mono/paresis) | partial paralysis in one limb |
| monoplegia (mono/plegia) | paralysis of one limb |
| paralysis | complete loss of motor function or sensation |
| paresis | partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of snesation and motor function |
| causalgia (caus/algia) | painful sensation of burning |
| dysesthesia (dys/esthesia) | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia (hyper/esthesia) | increased sensation |
| paresthesia (par/esthesia) | abnormal sensation (numbness or light tingling) |
| pseudesthesia (pseud/esthesia) | false sensation |
| synesthesia (syn/esthesia) | condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
| acrophobia (acro/phobia) | fear of heights |
| agoraphobia (agora/phobia) | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia (hydro/phobia) | fear of water |
| kleptomania (klepto/mania) | desire to steal |
| photophobia (photo/phobia) | excessive senstivity to light |
| pyromania (pyro/mania) | desire to set fire |
| echoencephalography (echo/encephalo/graphy) | procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalography (electro/encephalo/grahy) | procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| lumbar punture | inseting a needs into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid (spinal tap) |
| cerebral angiography (cerebr/al angia/graphy) | procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| myelogram (myelo/gram) | image of the spinal chord usually done using x-ray |
| magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) | procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| positron emissiion tomography (PET scan) | an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain |
| transcranial Doppler sonography | an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
| cerebellitis (berebell/itis) | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerbreal atrophy | wasting away of the brain tissue |
| duritis (dur/itis) | inflammation of the dura |
| encephalocele (encephalo/cele) | hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull) |
| hematoma (hemat/oma) | tumor like mass made up of blood |
| cranial hematoma (crani/al) | hematoma beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma (epi/dur/al) | hematoma located on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematoma (intra/cerebr/al) | hematoma inside of the brain |
| subdural hematoma (sub/dural) | hematoma located beneath the dura |
| macrocephaly (macro/cephal/y) | large head |
| microcephaly (micro/cephal/y) | small head |
| meningocele (meningo/cele) | hernia of the meninges |
| myelocele (myelo/cele) | hernia of the spinal chord |
| myelomalacia (myelo/malacia) | abnormal softening of the spinal chord |
| myelomeningocele (myelo/meningo/cele) | hernia of the spinal chord and meninges |
| neuritis (neur/itis) | nerve inflammation |
| neuroma (neur/oma) | nerve tumor |
| neuroslcerosis (neuro/scler/osis) | hardening of nerves |
| polyneuritis (poly/neur/itis) | inflammation of multiple nerves |
| agnosia (a/gnos/ia) | inability to comprehend |
| apathy (a/path/y) | lack of emotion |
| hyperkinesia (hyper/kinesia) | increase in muscle movement of activity |
| neurasthesnia (neur/asthenia) | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia (neuro/glyco/penia) | deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brian activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movement |
| prosopagnosia (prosop/a/gnos/ia) | inability to recognize faces |
| anesthesiologist | doctor who specializes in anesthesiology |
| afferent nerve | nerve that carries signal to the CNS |
| efferent nerve | nerve that carries signal to the PNS |
| neurogenic (neuro/genic) | originating from/created by nerves |
| psychiatrist (psych/iatrist) | doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychiatry (psych/iatry) | branch of medicine that focuses ont he treatment of the mind |
| psychogenic (psycho/genic) | originating in/created by the mind |
| psychologist (psycho/logist) | doctor who specializes int he study of the mind |
| psychology (psycho/logy) | branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind |
| psychosomatic (psycho/somat/is) | pertaining to the relationship between the body and mind |
| idiopathic (idio/path/ic) | having no known cause or origin |
| interictal (inter/ictal) | timer between seizures |
| postictal (post/ictal) | time after seizures |
| preictal (pre/ictal) | time before a seizure |
| tonic (ton/ic) | pertaining to muscle tone |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twitching |
| tonic-clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by a tonic AND clonic phase |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | accident involving the brood vessels and brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow to the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke | stroke caused by a tear in the blood vessel |
| ischemic stroke | strok caused by a blockage in the blood vessel |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | "mini-stroke" caused by blockage of a blood vessel, which resolved within 24 hours |
| cerebrovascular disease | disease of the blood vessels and the brain |
| cerebral aneurysm (an/eury/sm) | widening r abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis (arterio/scler/osis) | hardening of an artery in the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis (athero/scler/osis) | hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
| cerebral embolism | blockage of a blood vessel caused by a foreign object like fat or bacteria |
| cerebral thrombosis | blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused b a blood clot |
| craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
| craniosclerosis | hardening of the skull |
| craniostenosis (cranio/sten/osis) | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| craniosynostosis (cranio/syn/ost/osis) | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| hydrocephaly (hydro/cephal/y) | abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
| astrocytoma (astro/cyt/oma) | tumor from astrocyte glial cells |
| ganglioma (gangli/oma) | ganglion tumor |
| glioblastoma (glio/blast/oma) | brain tumor arising from glioblast cells |
| meningioma (meningi/oma) | tumor of the meninges |
| cerebellitis (cerebell/itis) | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebromeningitis (cerebro/mening/itis) | inflammation of the brain and meninges |
| encephalitis (encephal/itis) | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalomyelitis (encephalo/myel/itis) | inflammation of the brain and spinal chord |
| encephalomyeloneuropathy (encephalo/myelo/neuro/pathy) | disease of the brin, spinal chord, and nerves |
| encephalopathy (encephalolpathy) | disease of the brain |
| encephalopyosis (encephalo/py/osis) | pus-filled abscess in the brain |
| gangliitis (gangli/itis) | inflammation of the ganglion |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| meningopathy (meningo/pathy) | disease of the meninges |
| meningitis (mening/itis) | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningoencephalitis (meningo/encephal/itis) | inflammation of the meninges and the brain |
| myelitis (myel/itis) | inflammation of the spinal chord |
| myelodysplasia (myelo/dys/plasia) | defective formation of the spinal chord |
| myelopathy (myelopathy) | disease of the spinal chord |
| neuroarthropathy (neuro/arthro/pathy) | disease of the joint associated with nerves |
| neuroencephalomyelopathy (neuroencephalo/myelo/pathy) | disease of th nerves brain and spinal chordd |
| neuropathy (neuro/pathy) | disease of the nervous system |
| poliomyelitis (polio/myel/itis) | inflammation of grey matter in the spinal chord |
| polyneuropathy (poly/neuro/pathy) | disease affecting multiple nerves |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | degenerative disease of the VNS causing loss of muscle coordination, hardening of the nerve cells on the sides of the spine leading loss of muscle tissue from disuse |
| anorexia (an/orex/ia) | eating disorder characterized by the patients restricting food or refusing to eat |
| autism (aut/ism) | psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, repetitive/restrictive patterns of behavior or interests |
| bulimia (bu/lim/ia) | eating disorder characterized by binging then purging food/getting rid of it |
| cerebral palsy | paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement |
| dysphoria (dys/phor/ia) | negative emotional state |
| epilepsy | disease marked by seizures |
| euphoria (eu/phor/ia) | positive emotional state |
| hypomania (hypo/mania) | mental state just below mania |
| manic depression (bipolar disorder) | psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
| myasthenia (my/asthenia) | muscle weakness |
| narcolepsy (narco/lepsy) | diseased characterized by sudden, uncontrollable sleepiness |
| psychopathy (psycho/pathy) | mental illness |
| schizophrenia (schizo/phren/ia) | mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| neurosis (neur/osis) | nerve consition |
| psychosis (psych/osis) | mental condition |
| anesthetic | drug that causes loss of sensation |
| general anesthetic | anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness |
| local anesthetic | anesthetic does not affect consciousness |
| regional anesthetic | anesthetic injected into a nerve cause loss of sensation over a particular area |
| topical anesthetic | local anesthetic applies to the surface of the area to be anesthetized |
| epidural anesthetic | anesthetic applies in the dural region of the spinal chord |
| analgesic (an/alge/sic) | pain relieving drug |
| anticonvulsant | drug that opposes convulsions |
| antidepressant | drug that opposes depression |
| antypsychotic | drug that opposes psychosis |
| anxiolytic (anxio/lytic) | drug that lessens anxiety |
| hypnotic (hypno/tic) | drug athta aids sleep |
| neuropharmacology (neuro/pharmaco/logy) | study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system |
| psychopharmacolgoy (psycho/pharmaco/logy) | study of the effects of drugs on mental processes |
| psychotropic (psycho/trop/ic) | drugs that are able to turn the mind |
| thrombolytic (thrombo/lytic) | drugs that dissolve clots |
| cerebrotomy (cerebro/tomy) | incision in the brain |
| chemotherapy (chemo/therapy) | treatment using chemicals |
| craniectomy (crani/ectomy) | removal of a piece of the skull |
| craniotomy (cranio/tomy) | incision into the skull |
| endarterectomy (and/arter/ectomy) | removal of the inside of an artery |
| endovascular neurosurgery (endo/vascular_ | surgery ion the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels |
| lobectomy (lob/ecotmy) | removal of a lobe |
| lobotomy (lobo/tomy) | incision into a lobe |
| neurectomy (neur/ectomy) | removal of a nerve |
| neurolysis (neuro/lysis) | destruction of nerve tissue |
| neuroplasty (neuro/plasty) | reconstruction of a nerve |
| neurorrhaphy (neuro/rrhaphy) | suturing of a nerve |
| neurotomy (neuro/tomy) | incision into a nerve |
| ADHD | attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| ALS | amyotropic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| LOC | level of consciousness |
| LP | lumbar punture |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| OCD | obsessive compulsive disorder |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
Created by:
mattrich_57