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Rad 106 exam

QuestionAnswer
x-ray beam characteristics - x-ray quality (beam penetrability) - X-ray quantity (number of photons) - X-ray intensity
Exposure Factor kVp and mA
Distance and Exposure Relationships inverse Square Law • Source-to-Image Distance (SID) • SID maintenance formula • Distance compensation calculations • Effects of changing SID on receptor exposure
Beam Filtration Inherent filtration • Added filtration • Purpose of filtration • Effects on patient dose • Effects on beam quality and intensity • Beam hardening
Half-Value Layer (HVL) Measurement of beam quality • Relationship between HVL, kVp, and filtration • Factors that increase or decrease HVL
X-Ray Beam Energy and Penetrability Beam energy • Beam quality • Penetrability • Factors affecting beam energy • Relationship between energy and filtration
Attenuation Definition of attenuation • Absorption • Scattering • Transmission • Percentage of transmitted vs. attenuated photon
Differential Absorption Definition • Importance in image formation • Factors affecting differential absorption: o Atomic number o Mass density o kVp • Relationship to image contrast
X-Ray Interactions with Matter - Photoelectric Absorption - Compton Scatter - Coherent Scatter - Pair Production - Photodisintegration
Image Formation Transmitted x-rays • Image receptor exposure • Image contrast • Image fog • Percentage of beam contributing to image formation
Contrast Agents Positive contrast agents o Barium o Iodine • Negative contrast agents o Air • Effects on differential absorption • Effects on image contrast
Mass Density and Atomic Number Air, fat, soft tissue, bone comparisons • Atomic number effects • K-shell binding energy • Relationship to photoelectric absorption
Radiographic Contrast Factors affecting contrast • Beam quality and contrast • kVp and contrast relationship • Differential absorption and contrast
Radiation Dose Concepts Patient dose • Effects of filtration on dose • High-kVp technique and dose reduction • Exposure measurements (Gray and milligray)
Important Equations and Rules Inverse Square Law • SID maintenance formula • Intensity and mAs relationship • Intensity and kVp² relationship • 15% Rule
Created by: Gina_d2
 

 



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