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exam revision
exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom description | neutrons orbit the nucleus which contain electrons and protons |
| max number of electrons in the first shell | 2 |
| max number of electrons in the second shell | 8 |
| whats an ion | an element that becomes stable from losing or gaining electrons |
| when magnesium becomes Mg2+ ion | it loses two electrons |
| isotopes are atoms of an element which have | same number of protons different number of neutrons |
| neutral atoms contain | same number of protons and electrons |
| atomic number refers to | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| whats a mass number | The mass number equals the total protons plus neutrons in an atom. |
| What does the group number show? | It shows the number of valence electrons in an atom. |
| What does the period number show? | It shows the number of occupied electron shells in an atom |
| How does an ionic bond form? | Metals transfer electrons to non-metals, creating oppositely charged ions. |
| Name two factors affecting reaction rate. | Temperature and concentration both affect the speed of reactions |
| evolution | evolution |
| What is biodiversity? | The variety of living organisms found within an ecosystem or area. |
| What is a species? | Organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring. |
| What is a mutation? | A random change in DNA that creates new genetic variation. |
| What is natural selection? | Better-adapted organisms survive and reproduce more successfully than others. |
| What is adaptation? | A characteristic that improves an organism's chances of survival. |
| What is an allele? | an alternate version of a gene |
| What causes new alleles in a population? | Mutations create new alleles and increase genetic variation. |
| What is artificial selection? | Humans choose organisms with desired traits to breed together. |
| What is convergent evolution? | Different species develop similar features due to similar environments. |
| What is divergent evolution? | One species splits into multiple species due to different pressures. |
| Name two forms of evidence for evolution. | Fossils and DNA comparisons provide evidence supporting evolution |
| What is a homologous structure? | Similar anatomical structures inherited from a common ancestor |
| How do DNA similarities support evolution? | Similar DNA suggests species share a more recent common ancestor. |
| What is the formula for average speed? | speed=distance/time |
| What is Newton's First Law? | Objects remain at rest or motion unless acted on. |
| What is Newton's Second Law? | Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration (F = ma). |
| What is Newton's Third Law? | Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction. |
| What is a light-year? | A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. |
| What is the electromagnetic spectrum? | The range of all electromagnetic waves from radio to gamma. |
| What is wavelength? | The distance between two identical points on consecutive waves. |
| What is a star's apparent magnitude? | How bright a star appears when viewed from Earth. |
| What is a star's absolute magnitude? | How bright a star would appear at a standard distance. |
| What is wien's law? | 3 × 10⁶ ÷ λ 3 × 10⁶ ÷ T |
| what is 9,800,000 in scientific notation | 9.8 × 10⁶ |
| 0.000000345 in scientific notation | 3.45 × 10-7 |
Created by:
cmarshall28