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Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| β₂-adrenergic agonists | bronchodilators for COPD/Asthma |
| vasopressors | increase vasoconstriction/increase blood pressure |
| vasodilators | dilate blood vessels/decrease blood pressure |
| tricyclic antidepressants | antidepressant, sleep aid, pain relief |
| thrombolytics | clot-dispersing, end in -ase |
| thiazide diuretics | removing sodium and water through urine |
| tetracyclines | prevent bacterial replication by binding to rna |
| sympathomimetics | mimic the effect of agonists such as epinephrine |
| sulfonylureas | increase insulin production for type 2 diabetes |
| sulfonamides | inhibit folic acid production, inhibiting bacterial growth |
| psychostimulants | temporarily increase CNS activity |
| proton pump inhibitors | inhibit stomach acid production |
| protease inhibitors | block enzymes that break down proteins, inhibit virus maturation and replication |
| potassium sparing diuretics | increase urination and lower blood pressure |
| polyenes | antifungals disrupting fungal cell membranes |
| osmotic diuretics | non-active medications that are not reabsorbed, help decrease pressure by pulling water into tubules to be excreted |
| nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | treat/prevent HIV by blocking RNA -> DNA, preventing replication |
| non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | anti-virals that treat HIV, bind allosterically to reverse transcriptase enzyme, stop replication |
| non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers | paralytic, antagonist for acetylcholine |
| NMDA receptor antagonist | block glutamate binding, prevent calcium overflow, protecting nerves from calcium overflow damage, and altering neural activity |
| nitrosoureas | inhibit rna/dna replication, treat tumors, lymphoma, and some metastatic cancers |
| nicotinic acid (niacin) | vitamin b, help with energy, skin, nervous & digestive systems |
| mydriatics | induce pupil dilation |
| mucosal protectivesmucosal protectives | protect GI linings, ex. sucralfate/misoprostol |
| mucolytic | break down mucus in airways |
| monoamine oxidase inhibitors | inhibit namesake enzyme, preventing breakdown of sero, dop, nor, treating parkinson's and major depressive. Has strict dietary requirements |
| mitotic inhibitors | chemo drug, by preventing cell division (disrupt microtubules) |
| miticides | kill/control mites |
| miotics | cause pupil contraction |
| mineralocorticoids | produced by adrenals, maintain electrolyte and fluid balance |
| methylxanthine derivatives | naturally derived bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and stimulant effect |
| mast cell stabilizers | treat allergies by preventing mast cells from producing chemicals |
| loop diuretics | excrete salt and water into urine |
| leukotriene receptor antagonists | manage asthma - singulair |
| keratolytic | de-bind skin keratin |
| immunomodulating agents | agents that modulate immunity |
| hypoglycemics | lower blood sugar mainly in type 2 diabetes |
| histamine H₂-receptor antagonists | reduce stomach acid |
| hematinic (antianemics) | supplements ment to stimulate the formation of blood componets |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists hematinic | artificially stimulate then turn off hormone glands, to treat hormone-sensitive cancers |
| glucocorticoid | steriod, control inflammation |
| glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists | stimulate insulin release for type 2 diabetes |
| fusion (entry) inhibitors | anti-viral prevent virus from entering healthy cells |
| fibrates | lower ldl, raise hdl, such as fenofibrate |
| emetics | induce vomiting |
| echinocandins | treat serious systemic fungus |
| doxazosin | treat high blood pressure and enlarged prostate |
| depolarizing neuromuscular blockers | induce twitches -> paralysis |
| cycloplegic agents | freeze/dilate pupil for vision exams |
| cholinesterase inhibitors | prevent breakdown of acytlcholine, treat altzhiemers |
| cholinergics | substances that effect acytlcholine |
| cerumenolytics | otc, breakdown/soften earwax |
| cardiac glycosides | strengthen contraction, lower heart rate, digoxin |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | regulate ion transit, treat glaucoma |
| calcium channel blockers | lower blood pressure and HR by relaxing blood vessels |
| calcitonin | decrease calcium by increasing its excretion |
| bisphosphonates | slow osteoclasts, prevent bone loss |
| bile acid sequestrants | lower ldl and manage liver disease itching |
| beta blockers | lower blood pressure by lowering heart rate and relaxing blood vessels |
| azoles | anti-fungal |
| astringent | substance that causes shrinking of soft body tissues |
| aromatase inhibitors | lowers estrogen levels, by blocking an estrogen converting hormone, aromatase |
| antiretrovirals | anti HIV |
| antipruritic | anti itching |
| antineoplastic | anti cancer |
| antimuscarinics | block acytlcholine |
| antimetabolite | mimic natural chemical |
| antidiuretic hormone | regulate water through kidneys |
| anticholinesterase | prevents breakdown of acytlcholine |
| anthelmintic agents | treat infections caused by worms |
| anorexiants | appetite suppressors |
| angiotensin receptor blockers | widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure |
| angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | block a blood vessel narrowing hormone |
| aminoglycosides | broad spectrum, treat gram negative |
| alpha blockers | relax blood pressure and prostate gland |
| alkylating agents | damage DNA, preventing multiplication |
| adrenergics | mimic adrenaline |
| 5-alpha reductase inhibitors | prevent testosterone conversion, for testosterone disorders |
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