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Final Exam

Principles of Ecology Lab Summer Semester 2026

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 spatial dispersion patterns described in this course? Clumped Uniform (Regular) Random
What abiotic and biotic factors promote clumped spatial dispersion pattern? Patchy resources, favorable habitat Social behavior, reproduction, limited seed dispersal
What abiotic and biotic factors promote uniform spatial dispersion pattern? Even resource distribution Territoriality, competition, allelopathy
What abiotic and biotic factors promote regular spatial dispersion pattern? Uniform environment Little attraction or competition among individuals
What is plot-based field sampling of organism spatial dispersion? How does plotless field sampling differ? Plot-based sampling Uses quadrats or plots of known size Counts individuals Used to estimate density and dispersion Plotless sampling No quadrats. Uses distances between individuals Faster and useful in large habitats.
How might geographic scale influence spatial dispersion patterns? Dispersion depends on the scale observed. Small scales may appear clumped. Larger scales may appear uniform or random because broader environmental patterns become apparent.
Species ________ and ________ are needed to calculate biodiversity of an area Species richness Species evenness
How do the Shannon-Wiener Index and Simpson's Diversity Index differ? Shannon-Wiener Index (H') Measures richness and evenness. More sensitive to rare species. Simpson's Diversity Index (1 − D or D) Measures the probability that two individuals belong to different species. More influenced by common/dominant species
What are the primary disturbances influencing wetland habitats in Florida? Hurricanes Flooding Drought Fire Sea-level rise Human development Pollution Invasive species
How does wetland size correlate to biodiversity? Generally: Larger wetlands support greater biodiversity Larger habitats provide more niches, more resources, and lower extinction risk
How do Florida's salt marsh and mangrove wetlands differ in terms of ecosystem structure and function? What other types of wetlands exist in Florida? Salt Marshes Dominated by grasses (especially cordgrass) Common in northern Fl Important nursery habitat Stabilize shorelines Mangroves Dominated by mangrove trees Common in southern Fl Trap sediments Protect coastlines High carbon storage
Other Florida wetlands Freshwater marshes Swamps Cypress domes Wet prairies Floodplain forests Bogs (rare) Seepage slopes
A(n) _________ is comprised of all the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors in a given area, while a(n) ________ includes only species and their interactions A(n) ecosystem is comprised of all the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors in a given area, while a(n) community includes only species and their interactions
According to the background information, what three components make up an ecosystem? An ecosystem consists of: Biotic (living) organisms Abiotic (physical/chemical) environment Interactions between organisms and their environment (including energy flow and nutrient cycling)
What are some examples of ecosystem services that tidal wetlands provide? Water filtration Flood protection Storm surge buffering Carbon sequestration Nutrient cycling Habitat for wildlife Nursery grounds for fish and shellfish Shoreline stabilization Recreation and education
Created by: KristenR2025
 

 



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