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Gross Anatomy
arteries & lymphatics
| Concept | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular system components | heart, arteries, veins, capillaries & blood |
| Lymphatic system components | lymph nodes, lymph vessels & lymph |
| Parts of the Circulatory System | Cardiovascular system & Lymphatic system |
| Vessel | any channel for carrying fluid such as blood or lymph |
| Arteries | thick walled, elastic, no valves, smooth muscle in walls |
| (T/F) Arteries carry blood away from the heart | True |
| Arterioles | smaller & thinner-walled than arteries |
| Capillaries | single cell layer thick, bridge between arterioles & venules, site of nutrient exchange |
| Venules | smaller & thinner-walled than veins |
| Veins | thinner-walled than arteries, valves present, reservoir for blood (spleen, liver, lungs & skin), far greater number of veins than arteries |
| (T/F) Veins always carries blood toward the heart | True |
| Arteriovenous anastomoses | direct connection between small arteries & veins, by-passing capillary beds |
| (T/F) Arteriovenous anastomoses control the conservation of blood distribution by regulating blood flow to organs when needed | True |
| Blood supply | medium & large blood vessels supplied blood by “vasa vasorum.” |
| vasa vasorum | networks of tiny blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the walls of large arteries and veins |
| (T/F) Innervation to smooth muscle of vessel walls via components of sympathetic autonomic nervous system is not part of the cardiovascular system | False |
| (T/F) in the cardiovascular system vasodilation of some blood vessels is generally in the parasympathetic nervous system | True |
| (T/F) in the cardiovascular system vasoconstriction of most blood vessels of body is generally in the sympathetic nervous system | True |
| Cardiovascular System Components | Vessel, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins, & Arteriovenous anastomoses, and Blood supply |
| Lymph nodes | consist of cortex & medulla, covered by a connective tissue capsule; afferent & efferent lymph vessels carry lymph to and from lymph nodes, respectively. |
| Lymphocenters | clusters of regional lymph nodes that are responsible for draining a particular region of the body |
| (T/F) There are 2-4 Superficial cervical lymph nodes | True |
| Afferent drainage (superficial cervical lymphocenter) | Skin of neck, shoulder, brachium & ventral thorax; muscles of pectoral girdle & scapulohumeral joint; bones of the forelimb |
| (T/F) it's not possible for cats to receive secondary drainage from the retropharyngeal- & mandibular lymphocenters | False |
| Superficial cervical lymph node fxn | Efferent drainage of the thoracic duct, jugular trunk, or venous angle |
| Components of the Axillary Lymphocenter | Axillary Lymph node and Accessory axillary lymph node |
| (T/F) There are 1-2 axillary lymph nodes | True |
| Afferent drainage (axillary lymphocenter) | Skin covering the lateral thorax, the abdomen, the medial surface of the brachium, the antebrachium; bones & joints of forelimb; first three pairs of mammae; muscles comprising thoracic portion of shoulder girdle |
| (T/F) In the axillary lymphocenter there is Secondary drainage from the accessory axillary lymph node | True |
| Efferent drainage (axillary lymphocenter) | Venous angle, jugular trunk & thoracic duct |
| (T/F) There are multiple Accessory axillary lymph nodes | True |
| Afferent drainage (Accessory axillary lymph node) | Skin covering the lateral thorax and abdominal wall, the medial surface of the brachium and antebrachium; thoracic mammae |
| Efferent drainage (Accessory axillary lymph node) | Axillary lymph node |
| External thoracic artery | First branch from axillary a. that Supplies blood to superficial & deep pectoral mm. |
| Lateral Thoracic artery | Second branch from axillary a. that Supplies blood to deep pectoral, latissimus dorsi & cutaneus trunci mm. and skin overlying area |
| Subscapular Artery | Third branch from axillary a. that Supplies blood to teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis, rhomboideus, trapezius mm. & long head of triceps brachii m |
| Thoracodorsal artery | Supplies blood to latissimus dorsi m. |
| Caudal Circumfllex Humeral Artery | Supplies blood to the triceps brachii, deltoideus, infraspinatus, & brachialis mm.; the nutrient artery of the humerus & the shoulder jt. capsule; anastomoses with the cranial circumflex humeral a. |
| Cranial Circumfllex Humeral Artery | Supplies blood to the coracobrachialis & biceps brachii, conjoined teres major & latissimus dorsi mm.; the craniomedial shoulder jt., & anastomoses with the suprascapular, caudal circumflex humeral aa. |
| Deep Brachial Artery | Supplies the triceps brachii m. and forms anastomoses with the collateral ulnar & caudal circumflex humeral arteries in dogs |
| (T/F) The Deep Brachial Artery has a more extensive distribution in cats, also supplying the coracobrachialis, latissimus dorsi & tensor fasciae antebrachii muscles. In this case it also forms an anastomosis with the subscapular artery. | True |
| Bicipital Artery | Supplies the biceps brachii m. and forms an anastomosis with the cranial circumflex humeral a. |
| Collateral Ulnar Artery | Supplies distal portion of triceps brachii m. & the caudal portion of the cubital joint; proximal portions of pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, superficial & deep digital flexor muscles forms anastomoses w/ deep brachial & recurrent ulnar arteries |
| Transverse Cubital Artery | Supplies the cubital joint and the brachialis, supinator, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor muscles. It forms an anastomosis with branches of the superficial brachial artery. |
| (T/F) in cats, the Transverse Cubital Artery also may supply the pronator teres, biceps brachii, brachialis, & superficial pectoral muscles, and form an anastomosis with the caudal circumflex humeral artery | True |
| Common interosseous artery | Supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and deep digital flexor muscles |
| Cranial interosseous artery | Supplies the supinator, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, extensor carpi radialis, ulnaris lateralis, extensor pollicis longus et indicis proprius muscles. It also gives rise to branches that help form the dorsal carpal rete. |
| Caudal interosseous artery | Supplies the pronator quadratus, humeral & ulnar heads of the deep digital flexor, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus et indicis proprius muscles |
| Ulnar artery | Supplies the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnaris lateralis, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronator quadratus, & interosseous muscles. It forms anastomoses with the recurrent ulnar and collateral ulnar arteries |
| Median Artery | Supplies the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, superficial digital flexor, and the humeral head of the deep digital flexor muscles. It aids in the formation of the superficial and deep palmar arches. |
| Deep antebrachial | Supplies the flexor carpi radialis, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor & flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. It forms anastomoses with the ulnar artery |
| Radial artery | Supplies the radial head of the deep digital flexor muscle |
Created by:
satya.benoit