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MED 149
Chapter review 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs-based motivation best defined? | It is a theory that says human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order |
| How does Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning differ from Piaget’s theory? | Kohlberg theorized that moral development occurs more gradually and takes longer than Piaget proposed |
| Alasdair MacIntyre argues that | Virtue ethics is the only theory that makes sense |
| Which of the following is not true of Jean Piaget’s theory of value development? | Children in the sensorimotor stage of development see things as right or wrong |
| Which of the following best defines utilitarianism? | It is a consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people |
| Autonomy | Ability to make decisions based on one’s own reasons and motives |
| beneficence | The first duty of a health care practitioner is to promote the health or recovery of the patient |
| Nonmaleficence | The benefit to the patient must always outweigh the harm. |
| Confidentiality | Health care practitioners must maintain the confidentiality of their patients’ health |
| Justice | Everyone is entitled to health care |
| Role Fidelity | Practitioners must remain within their scope of practice |
| Veracity | To tell the truth |
| Teleological or consequence-oriented theories judge the rightness of a decision based on | The outcome or predicted outcome of the decision |
| Why did Tom and Bill in this chapter’s opening scenario come to different decisions? | Because of differences in their societal, cultural, and family influences |
| Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative states that | The right action is one based on a determined principle, regardless of outcome |
| What is another term for your personal concept of right and wrong? | Moral values |
| Virtue ethics focuses on | The traits, characteristics, and virtues that a moral person should have |
| Which of the following is true of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of the development of moral reasoning? | A social contract is formed during the post-conventional morality stage |
| Which of the following is not true of Piaget’s stages of value development? | The preoperational stage of development is characterized by abstract reasoning |
| Which of the following best defines duty-oriented moral reasoning? | It is a decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act |
| Decision-making theory that judges the rightness or wrongness based on the outcomes or predicted outcomes | teleological or consequence-oriented theory |
| A consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people | utilitarianism |
| Used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used in making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations | principle of utility |
| A rule that is considered universal law binding on everyone and requiring action | categorical imperative |
| Decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act | deontological or duty-oriented theory |
| What is another term for your personal concept of right and wrong? | Moral values |
| The first stage occurs from birth to age 2 | is called the sensorimotor stage, during which the child is totally |
| Children at the first stage of development explore the world with their five senses | cannot yet see from another’s point of view. |
| As infants grow, they develop an awareness of things and people even if not in their direct sight, leading to the second stage | called the preoperational Corrector egocentric stage, which extends from ages 2 to 7 |
| During the time period of the second stage | the child views the world from his or her own perspective |
| The third stage of Piaget's theory is called the concrete operational state | which extends from ages 7 to 12. |
| Finally, during the formal operational stage, children develop abstract thought | and begin to understand that there may be different degrees of wrongdoing |
| Respect shown for the patient by allowing them to make their own health care decisions | Autonomy |
| A physical therapist’s main goal is helping the patient recover from an injury and stay healthy | Beneficence |
| A physician making treatment decisions that cause no harm to the patient | Nonmaleficence |
| Electronic medical records are kept under password-protected files | Confidentiality |
| The idea that everyone is entitled to health care, regardless of their ability to pay | Justice |
| A respiratory therapist administering a breathing treatment that is within the scope of his or her practice | Role Fidelity |
| A physician admitting to a patient that a medical error has occurred in the course of their treatment | Veracity |
Created by:
Felicia26