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med 149 rev 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another term for your personal concept of right and wrong? | Moral values |
| Why did Tom and Bill in this chapter’s opening scenario come to different decisions? (Refer to the FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF . . . at the beginning of Chapter 2 for this question.) | Because of differences in their societal, cultural, and family influences |
| How is Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs-based motivation best defined? | It is a theory that says human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order. |
| Which of the following is not true of Jean Piaget’s theory of value development? | Children in the sensorimotor stage of development see things as right or wrong. |
| How does Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning differ from Piaget’s theory? | Kohlberg theorized that moral development occurs more gradually and takes longer than Piaget proposed. |
| Which of the following is not true of Piaget’s stages of value development? | The preoperational stage of development is characterized by abstract reasoning. |
| Which of the following is true of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of the development of moral reasoning? | A social contract is formed during the post-conventional morality stage. |
| Teleological or consequence-oriented theories judge the rightness of a decision based on | The outcome or predicted outcome of the decision |
| Which of the following best defines utilitarianism? | It is a consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people. |
| Which of the following best defines duty-oriented moral reasoning? | It is a decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act. |
| Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative states that | The right action is one based on a determined principle, regardless of outcome |
| Virtue ethics focuses on | The traits, characteristics, and virtues that a moral person should have |
| Alasdair MacIntyre argues that | Virtue ethics is the only theory that makes sense |
| Decision-making theory that judges the rightness or wrongness based on the outcomes or predicted outcomes | teleological or consequence-oriented theory |
| A consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people. | utilitarianism |
| Used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used in making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations. | principle of utility |
| A rule that is considered universal law binding on everyone and requiring action | categorical imperative |
| Decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act. | deontological or duty-oriented theory |
| he first stage occurs from birth to age______and is called the_________stage, during which the child is totally___________ | 2, sensorimotor, self-centered |
| Children at the first stage of development explore the world with their ___________senses and cannot yet see from another’s point of view. | Five, |
| As infants grow, they develop an ___________of things and people even if not in their direct sight, leading to the second stage, called the ___________or egocentric stage, which extends from ages 2 to | awareness, preoperational, 7 |
| During the time period of the second stage, the child views the world from his or her own | perspective |
| The third stage of ______________theory is called the ___________state, which extends from ages________ to 12. | Piaget's, concrete operational, 7 |
| Finally, during the ______________stage, children develop thought and begin to understand that there may be different degrees of ____________ | formal operational, abstract ,wrongdoing |
| The need for basic life—food and shelter | no. 1 |
| The need for a safe and secure environment | no. 2 |
| The need to belong and to be loved | no. 3 |
| The need for esteem, where status, responsibility, and recognition are important | no. 4 |
| The need for self-actualization, for personal growth and fulfillment | no. 5 |
| A physical therapist’s main goal is helping the patient recover from an injury and stay healthy. | Beneficence |
| A physician admitting to a patient that a medical error has occurred in the course of their treatment. | Veracity |
| Electronic medical records are kept under password-protected files. | Confidentiality |
| Respect shown for the patient by allowing them to make their own health care decisions. | Autonomy |
| The idea that everyone is entitled to health care, regardless of their ability to pay. | Justice |
| A physician making treatment decisions that cause no harm to the patient. | Nonmaleficence |
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PRILEN8176