Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Somatic cell? | Diploid, non-reproductive cells (e.g., muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells) |
| What is a Germ cell? | Diploid cells of embryonic origin; gives rise to gametes via meiosis (e.g., spermatogonium, oogonium) |
| What is a Gamete? | Haploid sex cells (e.g., egg and sperm) |
| What is Viviparity? | Birth to live young that receive nutrients directly from the mother's body |
| What is Oviparity? | Fertilized eggs get laid then hatch later |
| What is Ovoviviparity? | Internally fertilized eggs hatch and give birth to live young who continue to receive nutrients from the yolk of the egg |
| What are Gonads? | Reproductive structures responsible for producing gametes; male gonad = testis; female gonad = ovary |
| What are the Testicles? | Site of sperm and male sex hormone production; enclosed within the scrotum for temperature regulation |
| What do Seminiferous tubules do? | Within the testis; produce sperm |
| What are Sertoli cells? | Stimulated by FSH; surround and nurture the sperm |
| What are Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)? | Secrete male hormones (e.g., testosterone and androgens) in the presence of LH |
| What is the Epididymis? | Coiled tube attached to each testicle; site of final sperm maturation and storage |
| What is the Vas deferens? | Transfers sperm from each epididymis to the urethra |
| What are Seminal vesicles? | Excrete fluid into the vas deferens upon ejaculation |
| What is the Penis? | Transports semen into the vagina |
| What does the sperm Head contain? | Sperm DNA; acrosome (lysosome-like organelle that penetrates the egg); pro-nucleus — haploid (23 chromosomes) |
| What is the Acrosome? | Lysosome-like organelle in the sperm head that penetrates the egg |
| What is the sperm Mid-piece? | Contains a plethora of mitochondria for energy |
| What is the sperm Tail? | Flagellum — produces motion |
| What is the pathway of sperm (mnemonic)? | SEVEN UP — Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Nothing → Urethra → Penis |
| What is the Ovary? | Produces eggs (ova); females have two ovaries |
| What is the Oviduct (Fallopian/Uterine Tube)? | Responsible for moving eggs from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization (where sperm meets the egg); fimbriae sweep the egg into the fallopian tube once released from the ovary |
| What is the Uterus? | Muscular chamber in which the embryo develops until birth; zygote attaches to uterine wall after fertilization |
| What is the Vagina? | Muscular canal that serves as a birth canal during delivery; connected to the uterus via the cervix |
| Where does fertilization occur and what happens after? | Sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube; continues to divide via cleavage as it travels to the uterus |
| What is the timeline of zygote development? | Day 0: fertilized egg (zygote); Day 1: first cleavage; Day 2: 2-cell → 4-cell stage; Day 3-4: 8-cell compacted morula; Day 4: early blastocyst; Day 5: late-stage blastocyst; Day 6-7: implantation of blastocyst; Day 8-9: implantation continues |
| What are the landmarks of fetal development? | Week 5: heart begins beating; Week 8: embryo has reached fetus stage; Week 40: development has reached full term |
| What is Oogenesis? | Meiotic cell divisions producing eggs; occurs in parallel with follicular development in 2 stages — before birth and during adolescence to menopause |
| What are the 3 phases of the hormonal/uterine cycle? | Menses, Proliferative, Secretory |
| What is the Follicular phase? | Development of egg and secretion of estrogen from follicle |
| What is Ovulation? | Midcycle release of egg triggered by a surge of LH |
| What is the Luteal phase? | Secretion of estrogen and progesterone from corpus luteum after ovulating |
| What happens during Ovulation? | The follicle releases the secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube; egg is ready to be fertilized; remaining follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which degenerates if the egg is not fertilized |
| What is Spermatogenesis and where does it occur? | Process begins at puberty in the seminiferous tubules of the testes; a 2n spermatogonium undergoes mitosis and meiosis to mature into 4 sperm that travel to the epididymis for storage until release |
| What is the Male Reproductive Cycle (hormonal)? | Hypothalamus releases GnRH. GnRH stimulates release of FSH and LH. FSH promotes spermatogenesis via Sertoli cells. LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Excess testosterone causes negative feedback, reducing spermatogenesis. |
| How does female hormonal contraception work? | Estrogen and progesterone are kept artificially high by medication, creating negative feedback. This suppresses FSH and LH release. Without an LH surge, ovulation does not occur. No egg is released, so fertilization cannot occur. |
| What happens when implantation does NOT occur? | Upon fertilization, egg implants into uterine lining; if fertilization does not happen, it will fail to implant |
| What happens when implantation DOES occur? | Placenta secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which stimulates corpus luteum to release progesterone → continued release of estrogen + progesterone keeps endometrium intact → hCG is later replaced by progesterone from the placenta |
Created by:
smurtab