Inhibits the sodium-potassium pump Positive inotrope- increases stroke volume (force) Negative chronotrope- decreases heart rate (duration) Negative dromotrope- decreases conduction Ex. Digoxin

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Positive inotrope (force) Ex. Milrinone lactate, Cialis

Decrease venous blood return to the heart Decrease cardiac filling Decrease preload and oxygen demand on the heart Reduce cardiac afterload Increases fluid loss Ex. Hydralazine, Amlodipine

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEs)

Dilate venules and arterioles Inhibits the formation of angiotensin II Decreases blood fluid volume Decreases the release of aldosterone Reduces sodium and fluid retention Can increase potassium levels Ex. Captopril, Lisinopril, Ramipril

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Prevent the release of aldosterone Block angiotensin II from bonding to angiotensin receptors Ex. Losartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan

Reduce fluid volume Ex. Furosemide, Spironolactone (potassium sparing)

Block the action of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine Decrease HR and BP Dose should be tapered to prevent reflex tachycardia Ex. Propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol

Decreases myocardial oxygen demand Can cause hypotension Administered sublingual, transdermal, aerosolized, or IV Ex. Nitroglycerin

Calcium Channel Blockers

Decrease cardiac oxygen demand Promotes vasodilation of cardiac vessels Ex. Nicardipine, nifedipine

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Cardiac Pharm

Question	Answer
Cardiac Glycosides	Inhibits the sodium-potassium pump Positive inotrope- increases stroke volume (force) Negative chronotrope- decreases heart rate (duration) Negative dromotrope- decreases conduction Ex. Digoxin
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors	Positive inotrope (force) Ex. Milrinone lactate, Cialis
Vasodilators	Decrease venous blood return to the heart Decrease cardiac filling Decrease preload and oxygen demand on the heart Reduce cardiac afterload Increases fluid loss Ex. Hydralazine, Amlodipine
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEs)	Dilate venules and arterioles Inhibits the formation of angiotensin II Decreases blood fluid volume Decreases the release of aldosterone Reduces sodium and fluid retention Can increase potassium levels Ex. Captopril, Lisinopril, Ramipril
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)	Prevent the release of aldosterone Block angiotensin II from bonding to angiotensin receptors Ex. Losartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan
Diuretics	Reduce fluid volume Ex. Furosemide, Spironolactone (potassium sparing)
Beta-blockers	Block the action of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine Decrease HR and BP Dose should be tapered to prevent reflex tachycardia Ex. Propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol
Nitrates	Decreases myocardial oxygen demand Can cause hypotension Administered sublingual, transdermal, aerosolized, or IV Ex. Nitroglycerin
Calcium Channel Blockers	Decrease cardiac oxygen demand Promotes vasodilation of cardiac vessels Ex. Nicardipine, nifedipine

Created by: ebonyscott2011

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