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global word associa.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Ottoman & Mughal Empire | Religious Tolerance |
| 2. Tokugawa Shogunate | Reject Foreign influence in Japan |
| 3. Enlightenment | new ideas about government & law |
| 4. John Locke | 3 Natural Rights (life, liberty, property); self-government; democracy; people |
| 5. Voltaire | freedom of speech ("I do not agree with a word you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it. ") |
| 6. Rousseau | Social Contract (give up some rights for the common good) |
| 7. Montesquieu | (3 syllables—3 words—3 branches) |
| 8. Catherine the Great | Monarch with Enlightenment Ideals (Enlightened Despot) |
| 9. French Revolution | Robespierre & Reign Of Terror |
| 10 Napoleon Bonaparte | stability & nationalism, Napoleonic Code |
| 11. Three Estates (Causes of French Revolution) | social inequality; unfair tax structure |
| 12. Congress of Vienna | restore balance of power / restore power of monarchs |
| 13. Simon Bolivar & Toussaint L'Ouverture (Haiti) | Nationalist leaders of Latin America |
| 14. Adam Smith | capitalism, laissez faire ("hands off') |
| 15. Karl Marx (& F. Engels) | communism, government control, Proletariat overthrow bourgeoisie (class struggle),goal is to create a classless society |
| 16. Capitalism | Consumers control means of production, profit and self interest control market |
| 17. Communism | Workers(proletariat) control means of production. Government makes decisions on the market. |
| 18. Sadler report | Sad Story, revealed poor working conditions in factories, child labor |
| 19. Reason for Imperialism | Resources of industrialization “Civilize” Native people National Pride |
| 20. Berlin Conference | began the Scramble for Africa, where 14 European nations met in Berlin, Germany, to establish the ground rules for dividing the African continent among themselves. No African leaders were invited to attend. Used to prevent war among European powers over colonial claims. They drew artificial lines to decide on boundaries, completely ignoring cultural, ethnic, and linguistic boundaries among the African population. They did all this to secure African natural resources to supply the Industrial Revolution |
| 21. Boxer Rebellion Taiping Rebellion | Push back against Foreign Control in China, caused by Opium Wars Similar to Sepoy Mutiny in India |
| 22. Meiji Restoration | Westernization/ Modernization |
| 23. Nationalism | Pride in one's country |
| 24. Causes of WWI | Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism |
| 25. Otto Von Bismarck | “Blood & Iron” Unified Germany based on their ethnicities . Promotes Nationalism |
| 26. Spark to start WWI | Assination of ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand |
| 27. Vladimir Lenin | Peace, Land, and Bread (Communist Leader of Russia/USSR) |
| 28. Treaty of Versailles | Germany Blamed for war, must pay Reparations($$ For repairs) Led to rise of Fascist dictators |
| 29. Self Determination | Right to govern your own nation & Select own government |
| 30. Appeasement | Giving into an aggressor (Hitler breaking the Terms of Treaty of Versailles) |
| 31. Difference between WWI & WWII | More advanced Technology |
| 32. Genocide | Mass killing of specific group |
| 33. Response to Genocide | Nuremberg trials, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| 34. Effect of WWII | Two World Superpower (USA & USSR) Start Cold War |
| 35. US Policy During Cold War | Containment |
| 36. Containment | Stop the Spread of Communism |
| 37. Iron Curtain | Imaginary line cutting Europe in half (Democracy/Capitalism and Totalitarian/ Communism) |
| 38. NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Democratic “West”) |
| 39. Warsaw Pact | USSR and Satellite states ( Communist “East”) |
| 40. Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan | Containment, helped to stop the spread of Communism |
| 41. United Nations | International Peacekeeping Organization |
| 42. Gorbachev’s Policies | GlasnOst |
| 43. Fall of Berlin Wall | signify end of the cold war |
| 44. Detente | Cooling off of tensions |
| 45. Mao Ze Dong | Communist Leader of China TOMATO |
| 46. Great Leap Forward | Mao’s goal to increase production Great Step Back! |
| 47. Cultural Revolution | Loyalty to Communism (Mao's little Red Book) |
| 48. Deng Xiaoping | Communist leader in China who led a Communist government with Capitalist policies He is a RADISH - Red on outside White inside |
| 49. Gandhi | Indian Independence Civil Disobedience, Non violence,boycott british goods |
| 50. Partition of India | Muslim-Hindu Conflict, split of India and Pakistan |
| 51. APARTheid | kept society APART in South Africa, Racial Segregation |
| 52. Nelson Mandela | South African Anti- Apartheid leader |
| 53. Jomo Kenyata (Kenya) | Nationalist Leaders in Africa Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) |
| 54. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | Controls price of Oil |
| 55. Arab-Israeli Conflict | Battle over homeland and nationalism |
| 56. Balfour Declaration | British support for Jewish Homeland |
| 57. Zionism | Jewish Nationalism |
| 58. Kamal Attaturk | Turkey: Westernization, Modernization, Industrialization |
| 59. Iranian Revolution | Ayatollah Khomeini returning to fundamental Islamic traditions and Values in Iran |
| 60. Globalization | the GLOBE is connected through; trade, better transportation, and the internet |
| 61. Green Revolution | Increase in crop production in developing nations using fertilizers, Increase population a major mid-20th-century agricultural transformation (roughly 1950–1980) that dramatically increased global food production. Driven by high-yielding crop varieties, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and large-scale irrigation, it saved billions of people from starvation but led to significant environmental and ecological consequences. |
| 62: Human Rights Violations | The Holocaust, Armenian Genocide, Rwanda |
| 63. Mongol Empire | an East Asian ethnic group native to the Central Asian steppes, Genghis Khan, created the largest continuous land empire, acted as a bridge for cultural diffusion on the silk road, promoted |
| 64. GlasnOst and perestroika | twin reform policies created by Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid 1980s to revitalize the USSR. GlasnOst= Openness, Perestroika= restructuring |
| 65. Interdependence | the mutual reliance between countries or regions on one another for resources, trade, technology, and security. It is a major recurring theme that connects historical events to modern-day globalization |
| 66. Mughal Empire | The Mughal Empire was an early modern Islamic empire that ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 1526 to 1857. Founded by the Central Asian ruler Babur, the empire was celebrated for its centralized administration, cultural synthesis, and architectural masterpieces, notably the Taj Mahal, before being dismantled by the British. |
| 67. Mughal vs Mongols | The easiest way to remember the difference is that Mongols are the nomadic ancestors from the Asian steppes, while Mughals are the specific, later dynasty who conquered and ruled India. Mongols came first, o=one |
| 68. Foreign spheres of influence in China | An area where a foreign nation exerts significant economic or political control. Britian, French, German, and Japanese all imperialized on China, creating spheres of influence |
| 69. 1911 revolution in China/ Xinhai Revolution | culminated in the end of China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The revolution was the culmination of a decade of agitation, revolts, and uprisings. |
| 70. Manchuria | It means China, when the Japanese invaded it in 1931 because of the need for natural resources as Japan was a island arcipelligo with mountain terrain and very few natural resources, China was mainland with an abundance . Marked the spot of Japanese militarism, and was a turning point in many wars. Some historians argue this the beginning of ww2. |
| 71. Opium war | British imperialism in China, the british bought Chinese merchandise but the Chinese didn't buy British merchandise, led to the British losing their silver so they illegally sold opium in China. |
| 72. The treaty of Nanjing | The first of many unequal Foreign treaties after the Opium wars that forced China to give up it's sovereignty. |
| 73. Results of the opium war | China had to open five new ports to British merchants, pay a massive cash fine (indemnity), give Britain extraterritorial rights (British citizens were exempt from Chinese laws), and hand over Hong Kong to British control. Created huge spheres of influence as other countries realized the Chinese's poor military |
| 74. Sepoy Mutiny | native, violent responses to Western imperialism designed to drive out foreign rule in India against the British, sparked by religious disrespect due to cartridges greased with animal fat. Led to direct British control in India |
| 75. Fidel Castro | Turned Cuba into a Communist state during the cold war, allied with the Soviet union for aid, led to the Cuban Missle Crisis , established a totalitarianism regime |
| 76. Armenian Genocide | When World War I broke out, the Ottomans fought alongside Germany. Following severe military defeats against Russia, the Ottoman government scapegoated the Christian Armenian minority, falsely accusing them of sympathizing with the Russian enemy. the Ottoman government systematically arrested Armenian intellectuals, executed able-bodied men, and forced people onto death marches into the Syrian desert. They died of starvation, dehydration, exposure, and outright massacres. |
| 77. Rape of Nanjing | a mass murder and rape of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, China, starting in December 1937. Japanese soldiers, following orders to destroy the city, committed extreme atrocities, including mass executions, torture, looting, and widespread rape, resulting in a death toll estimated by China to be over 300,000, during a period of Japanese Imperialsism |
| 78. Napoleonic code | The primary way Napoleon Bonaparte preserved and spread the core ideals of the French Revolution while establishing absolute political control. Established: equality under the law, set back rights for woman, the code was spread across Europe as Napoleon concurred Europe |
| 79. proletariat /bourgeoise | Marx argued that all of human history is a history of class struggle between these two groups. bourgeoise= wealthy proletariat= working class communist ideals |
| 80. Jomo kenyata | an African nationalist who spent decades advocating for the rights of the Kenyan people under British colonial rule. led kenya's fight for independence, where they won, he later became president |
| 81. Constantinople | the capital of the Byzantine Empire. It thrived because it was a crossroads of trade linking Europe and Asia. the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople using advanced cannons (gunpowder technology). Renamed as Instanbul |
| 82. Suleiman the Magnificent | the leader of the Ottoman Empire famous for completely reorganizing and unifying the Ottoman legal system to protect all citizens, regardless of their social status religious tolerance |
| 83. Janissary | Jannisaries, Ottoman military entirely loyal to the sultan allowed poor boys from peasant backgrounds to rise to the highest levels of government and military power based on merit. |
| 84. Divine right | Divine right is the belief that an absolute monarch's authority to rule comes directly from God, not from the people justified the age of absolutism in the 16th and 17th centuries |
| 85. Louis the xiv | created the palace of Versailles to show his absolute monarchy |
| 86. Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo, and Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi | unified Italy |
| 87. Agrarian Revolution | direct primary cause of the industrial revolution, had the enclosure movement |
| 88. James Watt | innovated on the steam engine, allowed major cities to be built away from water |
| 89. Social Darwinism | The application of the theory of evolution to human societies. "survival of the fittest" justification for imperialism- scramble for Africa |
| 90. “White Man’s Burden” | a poem by Rudyard Kipling), which argued that Europeans had a duty to civilize and paternalistically rule over non-Western peoples. Promoted the idea that Western culture was superior to non-Western cultures |
| 91. Commodore Matthew Perry | ended Japanese isolationism/ tokugawa Shogunate gunboat dipolmacy |
| 92. Meiji Restoration | marks the period when Japan shifted from a weak, isolated feudal society into a modern, industrialized global superpower. |
| 93. total war | when a nation mobilizes all of its available resources and civilian population to support the war effort. |
| 94. pogrom | violent, government-condoned mob attack against a specific ethnic or religious group, most famously targeting Jewish communities. |
| 95. Stalin’s five-year plan | set massive, government-mandated production quotas for heavy industries with rapid industrialization led to famine |
| 96. munich conference | Hoping to avoid another catastrophic war, Britain and France gave in to Hitler's demands and allowed him to annex the Sudetenland. Czechoslovakia was not even invited to the meeting. |
| 97.Jawaharlal Nehru | First Prime Minister of an Independent India |
| 98. nonalignment | a policy during the cold war where a country refused to form a military alliance with either the United States or the Soviet Union. |
| 99. Ho Chi Minh | He led a nationalist movement to free Vietnam from French colonial rule. turned to communism because the Soviet Union was willing to support his anti-colonial struggle. |
| 100. the Vietnam War. | after HO Chi Minh turned vietnam communist, the united states back southern vietnam to stop the spread of communism in south east asia (containment) Ho Chi Minh used guerrilla warfare tactics (ambushes, booby traps, and hidden tunnels) to exhaust the technologically superior US military forces. |
| 101. guerrilla warfare | used by mao zedong, ho chi minh, and fidel castro to gain control of their nations. all three used the peasant class |
| 102. Ngo Dinh Diem | US-backed, anti-communist dictator of South Vietnam during cold war |
| 103. camp david accords | Egypt became the very first Arab nation to officially recognize Israel's right to exist and sign a peace treaty with the Jewish state. In return, Israel agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula |
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