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Science 8 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abiotic | nonliving thing |
| adaptation | trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in their environment |
| allele | a form of a gene |
| binary fission | type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria and protists |
| biotic | living thing |
| carnivore | meat eater |
| cell | smallest unit of life |
| chloroplast | cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs |
| commensalism | relationship between organisms where one benefits and one is unaffected (+,0) |
| common ancestor | an organism that several other organisms evolved from |
| community | all populations living in the same area |
| constant | things that stay the same during an experiment |
| consumer | organism that must eat other organisms |
| control | group in an experiment that doesn't get the independent variable, used for comparison; the "normal" condition |
| decomposer | breaks down dead organisms and absorbs nutrienta |
| dependent variable | changes in response to independent variable, what is being measured in an experiment |
| diaphragm | adjust the amount of light entering the stage of a microscope |
| dichotomous key | a chart used to help classify organisms |
| DNA | genetic material that is double helix |
| ecosystem | all living and nonliving things in a particular area |
| egg | female sex cell |
| embryology | study of embryos to show common ancestry |
| epiglottis | flap that covers windpipe while swallowing so you don't choke |
| ER | transport pathway of the cell |
| eukaryotic | cells with a nucleus |
| food web | overlapping food chains that show how energy moves through an ecosystem |
| fossil | buried remains of a once-living organism |
| gene | a section of DNA on a chromosome |
| genotype | the two letter combination of alleles |
| herbivore | plant eater |
| heterozygous | a genotype with different alleles |
| homeostasis | maintaining stable internal conditions |
| homologous structures | similar structures in different organisms |
| homozygous | a genotype with the same alleles |
| independent variable | what the scientist chooses to change in an experiment |
| leaves | plant part that is the site of photosynthesis and gas exchange |
| lysosome | digests unwanted cellular particles |
| meiosis | production of gametes |
| microscope | scientific equipment used to see small objects |
| mitochondria | cell organelle that produces energy through the process of a cellular respiration |
| mitosis | the process of a cell dividing |
| multicellular | made of more than one cell |
| mutation | a change in the number or order of base pairs in a strand of DNA or RNA |
| mutalism | relationship between organisms where both species benefit (+,+) |
| nucleus | the control center of a cell; contains genetic material |
| omnivore | eats plants and animals |
| organ | a group of similar tissues working together to perform a function |
| organ system | a group of organs working together to perform a function |
| parasitism | relationship between species where one benefits and one is harmed (+,-) |
| pedigree chart | a chart used to show how traits move through generations |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| population | all animals of the same species living together in an area |
| producer | organism that makes its own food |
| prokaryotic | cells with no nucleus, first type of cells to evolve |
| pseudopods | extensions of cytoplasm that helps amoeba move |
| punnett square | a chart used to determine the potential genotypes and phenotypes of offspring |
| roots | underground plant structure that anchors the plant in the ground |
| RNA | single stranded genetic material |
| scientific method | a series of steps used to perform an experiment |
| species | organisms with similar characteristics that can reproduce and make fertile offspring |
| sperm | mall sex cell |
| spores | reproductive method of fungi |
| stem | plant structure that supports the leaves and allows for transport of water and food throughout the plant |
| symbiosis | close relationship between species in an ecosystem |
| tissue | a group of similar cells working together |
| unicellular | made of one cell |
| trait | a characteristic |
| vaccine | weakened particles/pieces of a virus that causes the immune system to respond and make antibodies to protect from future encounters |
| vestigial structures | structures an organism has but does not use, though its ancestors used them |
| virus | a small particle that enters a cell and often destroys it |
Created by:
rhoffman7