the number of x-rays in the useful beam

mAs and x-ray intensity

X-ray intensity is directly proportional to mAs.

kVp and x-ray intensity

X-ray intensity is proportional to kVp2

Distance and x-ray intensity

X-ray quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source (inverse square law).  When SID is increased, mAs must be increased by SID2 to maintain constant exposure to the image receptor.

Filtration and x-ray intensity

Adding filtration to the useful x-ray beam reduces patient radiation dose.

Penetrability and x-ray energy

As the energy of an x-ray beam is increased, the penetrability of the beam through the patient or shielding material is also increased.

Half-value layer and x-ray energy

Attenuation is the reduction in x-ray intensity that results from absorption and scattering.  Half value layer (HVL) = thickness of material to reduce beam intensity (quantity) by half  X-ray beam energy can be identified by kVp or filtration,

Factors that affect x-ray energy

Increasing kVp increases the energy of an x-ray beam.  Increasing filtration increases the average energy of an x-ray beam

General purpose x-ray tube is approximately 0.5 mm Al equivalent

Added filtration results in increased HVL.

Inherent filtration  General purpose x-ray tube is approximately 0.5 mm Al equivalent.  Added filtration  Added filtration results in increased HVL.  Total filtration  Compensating filter  Wedge filter  “Bow-tie” filte

Little importance in diagnostic imaging

X-rays throughout the diagnostic range can undergo an interaction with outer-shell electrons that not only scatters the x-ray but reduces its energy and ionizes the atom as well.

X-rays throughout the diagnostic range can undergo an interaction with inner-shell electrons. The x-ray is not scattered, but it is totally absorbed.

Differential Absorption

Occurs because of Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, and x-rays transmitted through the patient.  Increases as the kVp is reduced.  Dependence on atomic number (Z Dependence on mass density

Barium and iodine compounds

are used as an aid for imaging internal organs with x-rays.

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Week 12 Assignment

Study Stack Exam Review

Question	Answer
X-ray intensity is	the number of x-rays in the useful beam
mAs and x-ray intensity	X-ray intensity is directly proportional to mAs.
kVp and x-ray intensity	X-ray intensity is proportional to kVp2
Distance and x-ray intensity	X-ray quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source (inverse square law).  When SID is increased, mAs must be increased by SID2 to maintain constant exposure to the image receptor.
Filtration and x-ray intensity	Adding filtration to the useful x-ray beam reduces patient radiation dose.
Penetrability and x-ray energy	As the energy of an x-ray beam is increased, the penetrability of the beam through the patient or shielding material is also increased.
Half-value layer and x-ray energy	Attenuation is the reduction in x-ray intensity that results from absorption and scattering.  Half value layer (HVL) = thickness of material to reduce beam intensity (quantity) by half  X-ray beam energy can be identified by kVp or filtration,
Factors that affect x-ray energy	Increasing kVp increases the energy of an x-ray beam.  Increasing filtration increases the average energy of an x-ray beam
Inherent filtration	General purpose x-ray tube is approximately 0.5 mm Al equivalent
Added filtration	Added filtration results in increased HVL.
Types of Filtration	Inherent filtration  General purpose x-ray tube is approximately 0.5 mm Al equivalent.  Added filtration  Added filtration results in increased HVL.  Total filtration  Compensating filter  Wedge filter  “Bow-tie” filte
Coherent scattering	Little importance in diagnostic imaging
Compton scattering	X-rays throughout the diagnostic range can undergo an interaction with outer-shell electrons that not only scatters the x-ray but reduces its energy and ionizes the atom as well.
Photoelectric effect	X-rays throughout the diagnostic range can undergo an interaction with inner-shell electrons. The x-ray is not scattered, but it is totally absorbed.
Differential Absorption	Occurs because of Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, and x-rays transmitted through the patient.  Increases as the kVp is reduced.  Dependence on atomic number (Z Dependence on mass density
Barium and iodine compounds	are used as an aid for imaging internal organs with x-rays.
The atomic number of barium	56
The atomic number of iodine	53

Created by: robertye12

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