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A&P 2 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which division of the nervous system is responsible for innervating sweat glands? | autonomic nervous system |
| Which of these is the type of receptor the best matches this definition Binds to NE. Excitatory | Alpha adrenergic |
| Acetylcholine is released by _____ postganglionic axons | parasympathetic |
| Activation of which division of the ANS would result in an increased heart rate? | sympathetic NS |
| What is the name of the nervous system of the digestive tract | Enteric NS |
| Which of these organs is a major degrader of hormones? | Liver |
| If blood osmorlarity increased , which hormone would be released? | ADH |
| The structure also known as the neurohypophysis is the.... | Posterior pituitary |
| Which of these intercellular communication types can only target cells nearby? | Paracrine factors |
| ESV is on average | 60 mL |
| The _____ system includes only the heart and blood vessels | Cardiovascular |
| What is the only ectopic focus that can generate a heart rate fast enough to sustain life ? | AV node |
| During the plateau phase of a cardiomyocyte action potential, which of the following ion channels is/are open | Voltage gated slow Ca++ channels |
| Which term describes the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle each minute | CO (cardiac output) |
| Which sub-phase of ventricular filling happens first | rapid-ventricular filling |
| During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves open | Ventricular filling |
| Which hormone decreases urine volume? | ADH |
| Steroid hormones bind to receptors where? | intracellular receptors |
| Which hormone stimulates cortisol release? | ACTH |
| Parasympathetic preganglionic axons are ____ than parasympathetic postganglionic axons | Longer |
| Which division of the nervous system is responsible for innervating muscle tissue? | Both SNS and ANS |
| What is the structure near or in the target organ of a parasympathetic neurons? | Terminal ganglion |
| Activation of which division of the ANS would result in increased blood flow to the digestive and urinary systems? | parasympathetic NS |
| The structure also know as the adrenohypophysis is the... | Anterior Pituitary |
| Which valve prevents blood from flowing back into left atrium? | Left AV valve |
| The normal heartbeat triggered by SA node can also be called? | Sinus rhythm |
| Which valve is also called the tricuspid valve? | Right AV valve |
| What is the threshold voltage to begin an SA node action potential? | -40 |
| The ____ is located within the interatrial septum near the right AV valve? | AV node |
| Which term describes the difference between the heart's maximum CO and CO at rest? | Cardiac reserve |
| During which phase of cardiac cycle do the semilunar valves open? | Ventricular ejection |
| By definition, tachycardia is a resting heartrate of | Above 100bpm |
| The amount of blood received by the ventricles during atrial systole is on average | 40mL |
| If a tissue being innervated by the ___ and loses that innervation, the tissue can still function properly | autonomic nervous system |
| Postganglionic sympathetic axons secrete.... | NE or ACh |
| Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic axons secrete | ACh |
| Adrenaline and noradrenaline are collectively known as | Catecholamines |
| Which hormone leads to ovulation? | LH |
| Which hormone would cause the anterior pituitary to secrete more prolactin | TRH |
| The ____ is the last place the electrical signal of the heart passes through before reaching the ventricles | Subendocardial conducting networks |
| What would lead to an increase in stroke volume? | Higher afterload or higher preload |
| What would lead to an decrease in stroke volume? | Lung disease |
| At the end of which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles reach EDV? | ventricular filling |
| Which subphase of ventricular filling happens last | atrial systole |
| During which phase of cardiac cycle is S1 produced? | isovolumetric contraction |
| Sympathetic ganglia that are not found within the sympathetic chain ganglia are called... | Collateral ganglia |
| Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is the... | craniosacral division |
| Another name for the sympathetic nervous system is the... | thoracolumbar division |
| What type of receptor binds to ACh and is found on adrenal medulla cells? | Nicotinic |
| Activation of which division of the ANS would result in bronchodilation? | sympathetic NS |
| During which phase of ventricular filling do the ventricles receive on average 30 mL of blood from the atria? | rapid ventricular filling and diastasis combined |
| During the depolarization phase of an SA node action potential, what ion channel is open? | voltage gated fast Na+ and Ca++ channels |
| Acetylcholine is released by sympathetic postganglionic axons innervating.... | Sweat glands |
| What best describes synapses with a postganglionic neuron? | Preganglionic neuron |
| During what phase of a cardiomyocyte action potential does calcium enter the cytoplasm to bind to troponin? | Plateau phase |
| What is the peak voltage during the depolarization of a cardiomyocyte action potential in? | +30mV |
| During which phase of the cardiac cycle to semilunar valves close | Isovolumetric relaxation |
| What is the resting membrane voltage of a cardiomyocyte in mV | -90 |
| What is a junction that links the cytoplasm of cells together allowing ions to flow freely? | gap junctions |
| During which phase of the cardiac cycle would S2 be produced? | isovolumetric relaxation |
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