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Wrightslaw

TermDefinition
Accommodations Changes in test administration that do not substantially alter what the test measures; used to provide equal opportunity to demonstrate knowledge.
Achievement Test Test measuring competency or mastery in a specific area of knowledge or skill.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Federal law prohibiting discrimination based on disability.
Attention Deficit Disorder / ADHD Condition that may qualify a child for special education when educational performance is adversely affected.
Adversarial System Trial system in which opposing parties present competing arguments before a court.
Appeal Procedure seeking reversal or modification of a lower court or agency decision.
Assessment Systematic process of obtaining information to determine eligibility, strengths, needs, and services.
Assistive Technology Device Equipment used to maintain or improve capabilities of a child with a disability.
Audiology Related service involving identification of hearing loss and referral for hearing habilitation.
Autism Developmental disability affecting communication and social interaction and adversely affecting educational performance.
Basic Skills Fundamental skills such as reading, writing, spelling, and mathematics.
BIP Behavior Intervention Plan included in an IEP to address behaviors interfering with learning.
Burden of Proof Duty to prove a claim; usually by a preponderance of evidence in civil actions.
Case Law Legal principles established through court decisions.
Child Find Requirement that states identify, locate, and evaluate children with disabilities.
C.F.R. Code of Federal Regulations.
Class Action Lawsuit brought by a named plaintiff on behalf of similarly situated individuals.
Complaint Legal document outlining a plaintiff’s claims against a defendant.
Confidential File School file containing special education evaluations and placement information.
Consent Parent's voluntary agreement after being fully informed of proposed actions.
Controlled Substance Drug or substance listed under the Controlled Substances Act schedules.
Counseling Services Related services provided by counselors, psychologists, social workers, or similar professionals.
Cumulative File General school record maintained for a student.
Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) Frequent brief assessments used to measure academic progress over time.
Damages Monetary compensation for loss, injury, or harm caused by another; generally unavailable under IDEA.
Deaf-Blindness IDEA disability category involving combined hearing and visual impairments causing severe educational and communication difficulties.
Deafness IDEA disability category involving hearing impairment that adversely affects educational performance.
Disability Under ADA and Section 504, an impairment substantially limiting one or more major life activities, a record of such impairment, or being regarded as having one.
Discovery Legal methods used to obtain evidence before trial, including interrogatories, depositions, and document inspection.
Due Process Hearing Administrative procedure used to resolve disputes between parents and schools before an impartial hearing officer.
Early Intervention (EI) Special education and related services provided to children under age five.
Education Records Records maintained by educational agencies concerning a student.
Educational Consultant/Diagnostician Professional who may evaluate educational performance and school-related needs.
Emotional Disturbance (ED) DEA disability category including conditions such as depression, fears, or schizophrenia that adversely affect educational performance.
EMR Educable Mentally Retarded
ESY Extended School Year services
FAPE Free Appropriate Public Education provided at no cost and in conformity with an IEP
FBA Functional Behavioral Assessment used to determine causes and functions of behavior.
FERPA Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act governing confidentiality and access to educational records
General Curriculum Curriculum adopted by a local or state educational agency for all students.
Guardian ad Litem Court-appointed individual who represents the interests of a minor.
Hearing Impairment IDEA disability category involving permanent or fluctuating hearing loss affecting educational performance.
IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDELR Individuals with Disabilities Law Reporter
IEE Independent Educational Evaluation.
IEP Individualized Education Program.
IFSP Individualized Family Service Plan.
Inclusion Practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms and neighborhood schools.
Interrogatories Written questions that must be answered under oath as part of discovery.
ITP Individual Transition Plan.
Learning Disability See Specific Learning Disability (SLD).
LRE Least Restrictive Environment requiring students with disabilities to be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate.
LEA Local Education Agency or school district.
Mainstreaming Placement of students with disabilities in general education settings for part of the school day.
Manifestation Determination Review Review to determine whether misconduct was caused by or substantially related to a student's disability.
Mediation Voluntary dispute-resolution process conducted by an impartial trained mediator.
Medical Services Services provided by a licensed physician to determine disability-related educational needs.
Mental Retardation IDEA disability category involving significantly below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior deficits.
Modifications Significant changes to instructional expectations, content, performance criteria, or assessments.
Multiple Disabilities IDEA disability category involving two or more impairments creating severe educational needs.
Native Language Language normally used by a child’s parents.
OCR Office for Civil Rights.
Occupational Therapy Related service addressing fine motor and functional skills.
OHI Other Health Impairment.
Opinion Formal written explanation of a court’s decision and legal reasoning.
Orientation and Mobility Services Services helping visually impaired students move safely and independently.
Orthopedic Impairment IDEA disability category involving orthopedic conditions affecting educational performance.
OSERS Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.
OSEP Office of Special Education Programs.
Other Health Impairment IDEA disability category involving limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to health conditions affecting educational performance.
Parent Parent, guardian, surrogate parent, foster parent, or other legally recognized caregiver.
Physical Therapy Related service addressing gross motor development and physical functioning.
Precedent Court decision that influences future cases involving similar issues.
Prior Written Notice Written notice required when schools propose or refuse changes in identification, evaluation, or placement.
Pro Se Representing oneself without an attorney.
Procedural Safeguards Notice Notice explaining parental rights and procedural protections under IDEA.
Progress Monitoring Ongoing assessment of academic performance and instructional effectiveness.
Psychological Services Related services involving testing, interpretation of results, and analysis of behavior related to learning.
Public Law 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act enacted in 1975.
Reasonable Accommodation Modification or adjustment that does not impose undue hardship and allows equal access.
Recreation Related service including therapeutic recreation, leisure education, and recreation programs.
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Federal civil rights law prohibiting disability discrimination and promoting independence and inclusion.
Rehabilitation Counseling Services Related service supporting career development, employment preparation, and vocational rehabilitation.
Related Services Support services required for a child to benefit from special education.
Remediation Instruction designed to improve or develop deficient academic skills.
Response to Intervention (RTI) Framework using research-based interventions and progress monitoring to support struggling learners.
School Day Day on which students attend school for instructional purposes.
School Health Services Health-related services provided by qualified school personnel.
SEA State Education Agency.
Section 504 Provision of the Rehabilitation Act prohibiting disability discrimination by federally funded entities.
Settlement Resolution of a dispute through agreement before a court judgment.
Special Education Specially designed instruction provided at no cost to meet a child's unique needs.
Specific Learning Disability (SLD) IDEA disability category involving disorders affecting language processing, reading, writing, listening, speaking, spelling, or math.
Speech-Language Pathology Services Related services involving identification, diagnosis, and treatment of speech or language disorders.
Speech or Language Impairment IDEA disability category involving communication disorders adversely affecting educational performance.
Statutory Rights Rights granted and protected by legislation.
Statute of Limitations Legal deadline within which a claim or action must be filed.
Standardized Test Norm-referenced assessment comparing a student's performance to a large representative group.
State Education Agency State department or agency responsible for education.
Statutory Law Written law enacted by a legislative body.
Supplementary Aids and Services Supports and services that help students with disabilities participate in general education settings.
SWD Students with Disabilities.
Testimony Evidence provided orally by a witness.
Transcript Official written record of a hearing, meeting, or trial.
Transition Services Coordinated activities designed to help students move from school to employment, postsecondary education, or adult living.
Transportation Related service including travel arrangements and specialized transportation equipment needed by a student with a disability.
Traumatic Brain Injury IDEA disability category involving acquired brain injury caused by external physical force resulting in functional impairments.
U.S.C. United States Code.
Visual Impairment Including Blindness IDEA disability category involving vision loss that adversely affects educational performance, including blindness.
Created by: user-2044399
 

 



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