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skin drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arrector pili muscles | Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that cause hair to stand up when contracted. |
| basal cell carcinoma | The most common type of skin cancer, arising from the basal cells in the epidermis. |
| comedones | Clogged hair follicles (pores) in the skin; can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads). |
| corium | Another term for the dermis, the inner layer of the skin. |
| cryosurgery | A treatment using extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy abnormal tissue. |
| dermis | The thick, inner layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands. |
| electrodessication | A surgical procedure using electric current to dry out and destroy abnormal skin tissue. |
| epidermis | The outermost layer of skin. |
| hypodermis | The deepest layer of skin, made of fat and connective tissue. |
| keratinocytes | The primary type of cell found in the epidermis, producing keratin. |
| lunula | The crescent-shaped, whitish area at the base of the fingernail. |
| malignant melanoma | A serious form of skin cancer originating from melanocytes. |
| melanin | The pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. |
| melanocytes | Cells in the skin that produce melanin. |
| onychomycosis | A fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails. |
| paronychia | An infection of the skin around the nail. |
| sebaceous glands | Skin glands that secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles. |
| sebum | The oily secretion of sebaceous glands. |
| squamous cell carcinoma | A type of skin cancer that originates in squamous cells of the epidermis. |
| stratified squamous epithelium | Layers of flat cells making up the outermost part of the skin. |
| stratum basale | The deepest layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are generated. Also known as stratum germinativum. |
| stratum lucidum | A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells found only in thick skin, like the palms and soles. |
| Sweat glands | Glands in the skin that produce sweat to help regulate body temperature. |
| Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) | Atopic dermatitis is a chronic or recurring skin lesion characteristic of an allergic reaction. The rash occurs in a characteristic pattern on the face, neck, elbows, knees, and upper trunk of the body. |
| Corticosteroids | betamethasone, clobetasol Clobex Temovate, desonide Desonate DesOwn, flucinolone Synalar, flucinonide Lidex, flurandrenolide Cordran Nolix, fluticasone Cutivate, halcinonide Halog, hydrocortisone Cortizone, triamcinolone Kenaog Triderm |
| Calcineurin Inhibitors | cyclosporine Gengraf Neoral Sandimmune, pimecrolimus Elidel, tacrolimus Protopic |
| Immunosuppressants | methotrexate Trexall, mycophenolate CellCept |
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | characterized by itchy, erythemic, and oily patches of skin in areas with many sebaceous glands, including the scalp, face, and upper chest. caused by fungal overgrowth on the skin that results from excessive oil production |
| Contact Dermatitis | acute inflammation of the skin caused either by the action of irritants on the skin surfaces or by contact with a substance that causes an allergic reaction |
| Psoriasis | inflammatory chronic, recurrent skin condition that produces raised red and silvery patches covered with white scales. This condition most often appears on the elbows, knees, scalp, genitalia, and trunk. |
| Injectable systemic medications for psoriasis | etanercept (Enbrel®), adalimumab (Humira®), infliximab (Remicade®), and ustekinumab (Stelara®). |
| Corticosteroids | betamethasone, clobetasol Clobex Temovate, desoximetasone Topicort, flucinolone Synalar, fluocinonide Lidex Vanos, Flurandrenolide Cordran, fluticasone Cutivate, halcinonide Halog, halobetasol Ultravate, hydrocortisone Cortizone, |
| Corticosteroids | triamcinolone Kenalog Triderm |
| Calcineurin Inhibitors | tacrolimus Protopic®, pimecrolimus Elidel® |
| Retinoid | tazarotene Tazorac Fabior |
| Vitamin D Analogues | calcipotriene Dovonex calcitriol Vectical |
| Other Therapies | salicylic acid, coal tar |
| Combinations | halobetasol and tazarotene Duobrii, calcipotriene and betamethasone Taclonex® Wynzora |
| Antimetabolite/Antipsoriatic Agent | methotrexate Trexall |
| Psoralen | methoxsalen Oxsoralen-Ultra® Uvadex |
| Monoclonal Antibodies | adalimumab Humira, certolizumab Cimzia, ustekinumab Stelara |
| IL-17 Inhibitors | bimekizumab Bimzelx, brodalumab Siliq, ixekizumab Taltz, secukinumab Cosentyx |
| IL-23 Inhibitors | guselkumab Tremfya, risankizumab Skyrizi, tildrakizumab Ilumya, |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitors | etanercept Enbrel, infliximab Remicade |
| Calcineurin Inhibitor | cyclosporine Gengraf Neoral Sandimmune |
| Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor | apremilast Otezla |
| Coal Tar Preparation | coal tar DHS Tar Theraplex |
| Acne Vulgaris | nflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. It can occur on any skin surface and present at any age. Acne vulgaris is the most common type of acne, appearing on the face, upper back, and chest. |
| Medications Used to Treat Acne Vulgaris | adapalene Differin, azelaic acid Azelex Finacea, benzoyl peroxide Clearplex V Neutrogena Clear Pore, clindamycin Cleocin T®, Clindagel®, ClindaMax®, dapsone Aczone, doxycycline Oracea Vibramycin, erythromycin Ery, Erygel, Ery-Tab, |
| Medications Used to Treat Acne Vulgaris | isotretinoin Absorica®, Accutane®, Claravis®, minocycline Minocin Solodyn, salicylic acid Stri-Dex, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim Bactrim, tazarotene Tazorac Arazlo, tetracycline, tretinoin Retin-A Micro, trifarotine Aklief |
| Vitiligo | irregular patches of skin develop that completely lack pigmentation. The patches may enlarge, shrink, or remain the same size. |
| First-degree burns | Involve only the epidermis; signified by redness, pain, and slight edema. These burns heal quickly and usually do not leave scars. Most sunburns are first-degree burns |
| Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns | Involve the epidermis and dermis but leave some of the dermis intact; they may appear red, tan, or white with blisters. Second-degree burns are very painful, slow healing, and may leave scars. |
| Third-degree (full-thickness) burns | The epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed, and even the deeper tissue may be damaged; the skin can repair itself only from the edges of the wound. |
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