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Science final
study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the sun responsible for in the water cycle? | Providing energy |
| What does the sun do to water? | Evaporates it, starting the water cycle |
| What is precipitation? | Any liquid or solid water that falls from clouds to the surface |
| Give examples of precipitation: | Rain, sleet, snow, hail, freezing rain |
| What is transpiration? | The evaporation of liquid to gas that comes off of trees |
| What is evaporation? | Liquid heating up and turning into water vapor (gas) as it rises to the clouds |
| What is runoff? | Excess water that runs/flows downhill into rivers, oceans, and lakes |
| How to clouds form? | Clouds form when water evaporates, rises into the atmosphere to form clouds, and then cools off and changes back into liquid form, creating clouds. |
| Warm air | Warm air rises and is less dense |
| Cool air | Cool air sinks and is more dense |
| Density=? | mass divided by volume |
| What is a solid and describe it | molecules are neatly arranged, closely packed together, have a strong attraction between particles, and appear to vibrate in place. Have a definite shape, mass, and volume |
| What is a liquid and describe it | molecules move more freely and are not as closely or neatly arranged. Liquids fill the shape of the container they are in, have a definite mass but no definite volume |
| What is a gas and describe it | molecules move most freely fill the shape of the container they are in. Have no definite shape, mass, or volume |
| What is a streak? | describes the color left behind by a mineral when it is scratched on a plate |
| What are convection currents? | Convection currents are what is responsible for the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates |
| What is the lithosphere? | The lithosphere is the part of Earth that is divided into tectonic plates |
| What happens when tectonic plates spread apart? | When tectonic plates spread apart, new magma rises to the surface of Earth, cools, which creates new crust |
| Where are mountain ranges usually formed? | Mountain ranges are generally formed along tectonic plate boundaries |
| What is the rock cycle? | the ability of the different types of rocks (sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous) to transform into any other type of rock depending on its conditions |
| What does lava do when coming to the surface of the Earth? | Lava will cool and crystalize (turning back to a solid) after coming to the surface of Earth |
| What is weathering? | when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces |
| How do igneous rocks turn into sedimentary rocks? | Igneous rocks turn to sedimentary rocks through the processes of weathering, erosion, transport, deposition |
| How long does it take Earth to complete one full rotation? | Earth spins on its axis every 24 hours (1 day) |
| How long does it take for Earth to travel once around the sun? | Earth travels once around the Sun every 365 ¼ days (1 year) |
| When does the Northern hemisphere experience summer? | The northern hemisphere experiences summer when it is tilted towards the Sun |
| When does the Northern hemisphere experience winter? | The northern hemisphere experiences winter when it is tilted away from the Sun |
| What are two factors that create the seasons? | Revolution and tilt of Earth on its axis are the two factors that create the seasons |
| What does gravity do? | Gravity keeps planets in their orbit around the Sun |
| What are these objects from smallest to largest? Universe, planet, solar system, galaxy, sun, moon | moon, planet, Sun, solar system, galaxy, universe |
| What is the order of objects in a solar eclipse? | Sun, Moon, Earth (new moon phase) |
| What is the order of objects in a lunar eclipse? | Sun, Earth, Moon (full moon phase) |
| What is potential energy? | Stored energy Ex: a rock at the top of a hill just before it starts rolling down |
| What is kinetic energy? | energy in motion Ex: a rock at the bottom of a hill rolling at it fastest |
| What is friction? | smoother surfaces allow objects to move faster and more easily than rougher surfaces |
| What is Newton's 1st law of motion? | an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced, outside force - also known as the law of inertia |
| What is Newton's 2nd law of motion? | Force= mass x acceleration |
| What is Newton's 3rd law of motion? | every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| What does sound need? | Sound needs a medium to travel through |
| What is amplitude? | strength of a wave |
| How does a sound get louder? | The greater the amplitude of a sound wave, the louder the sound will be |
| What are gamma waves? | Gamma waves have the shortest wavelength and the greatest frequency of waves |
| What is a reflection? | the bouncing back of light after hitting a medium Ex: light bouncing back in a mirror |
| What is a refraction? | the bending of light to show the different colors of the visible light spectrum Ex: light traveling through a prism |
| What causes hot air to rise and cold air to sink in the atmosphere? | Uneven heating of Earth's surface |
| What is the process by which water changes from gas to liquid? | Condensation |
| Why does a screw sink to the bottom of a cup of liquids? | It is more dense than all liquids |
| What does it mean if a rock floats in water? | It's less dense than water |
| When do clouds form in the atmosphere? | When warm air rises and condenses |
| What causes tectonic plates to move? | Convection currents |
| Which Earth layer is broken into tectonic plates? | Lithosphere |
| What happens when a rock is weathered into small pieces? | It stays the same type |
| A child swings higher than an adult, which law is this? | 2nd law |
| When two bumper cars collide and bounce back, what law does it show? | 3rd law |
| Which law is shown when an object stays still unless moved? | 1st law |
| what happens when light passes through a prism? | Refraction |
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