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psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the two main divisions of the CNS and PNS | CNS: spinal cord and brain PNS: all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord |
| what is the main role of the Central nervous system? | The CNS processes information, interprets sensory input, and coordinates responses. The brain makes decisions, while the spinal cord helps transmit messages between the brain and body and controls some reflexes. |
| explain the divisions of the Peripheral nervous system | Somatic nervous system: controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and carries sensory information to the CNS. Automatic nervous system: Controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, breathing and digestion. |
| describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system | Sympathetic: Prepares the body for stressful situations (fight or flight). It shows heart rate, breathing rate, and energy availability. Parasympathetic: calms the body and restores digestion, and conserves energy systems work together for homeostasis |
| Making a speech on stage | sensory info is first processed by the CNS particulary the brain, which interprets situation as stressful. The PNS carries messages between the brain and body. |
| neuron | A neuron is a specialised nerve cell that transmits information throughout the nervous system. Its main function is to send electrical and chemical signals. |
| dendrites | Receive signals from other neurons and carry those signal towards the cell body |
| axon and myelin sheath in neural communication | the axon carries electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles and glands. the myelin sheath is a fatty covering around the axon, insulating's it and speeds up the transmission of neural impulses. |
| what occurs at synapse during neural communication | At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminals of one neuron into the synaptic gap. These chemicals cross the gap and bind to receptors on the next neuron, allowing the signal to continue. |
| explain how a spinal reflex works and why it is important | a fast, autonomic response to a stimulus that is processed i the spinal cord. sensory neurons detect a stimulus and send a signal to the spinal cord. The spinal cord immediately sends a response via motor neurons to the muscles, cause quick reaction. |
| why are spinal reflex important | they allow the body to respond quickly to potential harm, improving survival |
| the main difference between a psychologist and psychiatrist | a psychologist studies and treats mental processes and counselling, while a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can diagnose mental disorders and prescribe medication. |
| what types of education and training does a psychiatrist have that a psychologist doesn't | a psychiatrist completes a medical degree followed by a specialist training in psychiatry. a psychologist completes a degree in psychology and postgraduate training but doesn't atte nd medical school. |
| difference between reliability and validity | reliability is about the consistency of the results validity is about accuracy and whether the results truly reflect what is being studied. a study can be reliable but not valid, but cannot be valid without being reliable. |
| difference between an extraneous and confounding variable | an EV is a variable that may influence the results bit is controlled by the researcher. CV is an uncontrolled EV that affects the DV and makes if difficult to determine whether the IV caused the results |