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The Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Advantages of the North in the Civil War | a)larger population, b)most of the factories to make supplies, c)most of the railroads located in the north, d)strong Navy, e)more money, f)they had an established government |
| Advantages of the South in the Civil War | Excellent military leaders, strong fighting spirit, knew the land, fighting a defensive war |
| Abraham Lincoln | (1809-1865) Sixteenth president of the United States, he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln- Douglas debates. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, but he was determined to preserve the Unio |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery. First of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War (1865-70) |
| 14th Amendment | 1) Citizenship for African Americans & Due Process & Equal Protection 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts |
| 15th Amendment | Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or previous condition of servitude |
| The Confederate States of America | the name given to the new nation and government when delegates from the states of South Carolina, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia seceded from the Union; they elected Jefferson Davis as their President. Virginia, North Carolin |
| Battle of Antietam | This battle is known as the "Bloodiest Day." Military draw, but a political victory of Union since Lee withdrew from Maryland after the battle. |
| 1st Battle of Bull Run | First major battle of the Civil War. Confederates won. Also called the First Battle of Manassas by Confederates |
| Secede | to withdraw from; to leave |
| Mississippi River | Considered a very important resource during the Civil War; The Union gained control of it at the Battle of Vicksburg |
| agriculture and slavery | what the Southern economy was based on |
| Factories and industries | what the Northern economy was based on |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Bloodiest battle of the Civil War. Major turning point and showed Lee could be defeated. Battle was in Pennsylvania |
| Firing on Fort Sumter | Marks the start of the Civil War. April 12, 1861. Troops commanded by PGT Beauregard bombard the union base in the middle of Charleston harbor. |
| 1861-1865 | Years of the Civil War. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union general who finally defeated Lee. He later became a U.S. President. |
| Robert E. Lee | Was the most important and successful general in the Confederate army. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | A special order by President Lincoln on January 1st, 1863 declaring that slaves in Confederate states were free. |
| Battle of Vicksburg | This battle gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River. The city surrendered on July 4, 1863. |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy during the Civil War; Previously served in the Mexican-American War and was the Secretary of War and a Senator from Mississippi |
| Appomattox Courthouse | the place where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant |
| March to the Sea | The event where William T. Sherman burned down the city of Atlanta and destroyed everything in his path as he marched to Savannah, Georgia |
| 1865 | When did the Civil War end? |
| 1861 | When did the Civil War begin? |
| Total War | military strategy that targeted not only troops but also any resources needed to support an army. Destroying farms and factories, not just the army. |
| CSS Virginia and USS Monitor | Battle of Ironclad ships - no one won (it was a draw or a tie). Ironclad = boats covered in Iron. Demonstrates the changing technology used during the Civil War |
| Union | During the Civil War, this came to mean the government and armies of the North (though it does stand for the entire country) |
| Sectional Differences | One of the causes of the Civil War. North and South developed so differently - economies, culture, etc. - it led to conflict and war. Example - factories and immigrant labor for the north, South - slave labor and plantations. These were "parts" or "region |
| Slavery | One of the causes of the Civil War. North and South fought, debated, argued over slavery- especially whether or not it could expand in the newly acquired territories of the United States |
| Fantacism | One of the causes of the Civil War. People were willing to go to extremes for their views. Example: John Brown's invasion of Harper's Ferry. |
| North's Strategy for the first part of the War | 1. Gain Rivers to divide and conquer the south. 2. Blockade of the South with the Navy |
| Motivation of Union for first part of war (up to 1863) | Keep union together. |
| Motivation of Union after Emancipation Proclamation (post-1863) | 1. Keep Union together AND 2. Free slaves - Freedom. |
| John Brown & Harper's Ferry (1859) | Extreme abolitionist organized a raid to steal weapons from a federal arsenal, and hoped to give those weapons to enslaved people in VA. Plan failed; demonstrated the divided between North & South (Celebrated in the North, viewed as an extremist in the So |
| Wilmot Proviso (1846) | Would have outlawed slavery in the territory won by the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War. Plan failed, but led the first serious discussions of secession among Southern states. |
| Free Soil Party (1848) | This party was formed on a platform favoring the Wilmot Proviso and free land for settlers. They were a group of moderate abolitionists. They did not oppose slavery in the South, but opposed the expansion of slavery into the new territories. The Republica |
| Compromise of 1850 | (1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) slave trade abolished in DC, and (4) new fugitive slave law |
| Fugitive Slave Law (1850) | Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and forced all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways. Strengthened the antislavery cause in the North. |
| Popular Sovereignty | An idea that was promulgated (promoted) in the 1850s that preached allowing the people living in each territory to decide for themselves whether they would allow slavery or not through voting. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe) | A fictional work exploring slave life in the South. Popularity of book brought the issue of slavery to life and opened many people's eyes to the horrors of slavery; widened the division between North and South |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Pro-Southern piece of legislation; Repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing the people of the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide on the question of slavery through popular sovereignty |
| Bleeding Kansas (1856-1861) | Violent fighting between Southern settlers and Northern settlers who wished to vote either for or against slavery in the territory. Roughly 50 settlers were killed over a period of several years. |
| Dred Scott Decision (1857) | Chief Justice Roger Taney declared that the Missouri Compromise (federal regulation of slavery) was unconstitutional. Additionally, the ruling stated that slaves were property and therefore could not sue. The classification as property made future federal |
| Election of Lincoln (1860) | Inspired SC to secede because they thought the Lincoln was too anti-slavery. By the spring of 1861, 6 more states joined SC. |
| Crittenden Proposal (1860) | An attempt to prevent the Civil War; Southern proposal to reinstate the Missouri Compromise line, prevent slavery from ever being abolished in slaveholding states, and pay owners whose slaves had escaped. Failed due to Northern opposition. |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, Maine entered as a free state, and a line was drawn at 36 degrees and 30 minutes parallel, with the north as free and the south as slave |
| Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) | An escaped slave who became a leader in the abolition movement. Taught himself to read an write while enslaved and spent the rest of his life advocating for the ending of slavery and for racial equality. |
| Harriet Tubman (term-171821-1913) | An American abolitionist and one of the conductors of the Underground Railroad. Escaped slavery and helped to rescue approximately 70 people over the course of 13 missions back to the South |
| William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) | A militant abolitionist, he became editor of the Boston publication, The Liberator, in 1831 and founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. He was a mentor to Frederick Douglass until Douglass broke with him because he felt he was too radical. |
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