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organic chemistry

TermDefinition
hydrocarbon a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
alkane a hydrocarbon where all the carbon atoms have a single bond, saturated, Cn H2n+2, nonpolar and insoluble in water, unreactive and best for combustion
saturated each carbon atom is bonded to as many other atoms as possible
plastic synthetic organic material made up of repeating units of carbon, Ex polyethylene
polymer a large molecule composed of repeating sub units
Cycloalkanes alkanes that are connected in a ring, ring of repeating CH2 units cyclohexane is the most stable and cyclopropane is the least, general formula of Cn H2n
alkene an organic compound containing a carbon-carbon double bond general formula for an alkene with one double bond is Cn H2n, unsaturated can do chemical reactions, flat, end with -ene Ex Ethene C2H4
trans alkene the two group will be on opposite sides of the double bond
cis alkene the two group will be on the same sides of the double bond, cis=same side
alkyne an organic compound containing a carbon-carbon triple bond
aromatic molecule a molecule containing at least one benzene ring
unsaturated carbons are present that are not bonded to as many atoms as possible
alcohol an organic compound containing an OH group ending ol
ether an organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups oxygen acting as the bridge between carbons, less polar and lower boiling point then alcohols, unreactive exempt combustion, good aesthetics
aldehyde an organic compound with a carbonyl group and hydrogen at the start/end of carbon chain functional group ending -al
keytone an organic compound containing a carbonyl group within a carbon chain( not at the end) functional group ending -one
carbonyl a C=O group
amino acids an organic compound containing both an amine and carboxylic acid functional group, very soluble in water,
essential amino acids the 9(out of 20) amino acids we can only get from food we eat
carboxylic acid an organic compound containing a carboxyl group, where a carboxyl is a carbonyl bonded to an OH
fatty acid a carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain attached(4-28 carbons long)
ester an organic compound containing carbonyl(C=O) attached to an alkoxy group (OR)
Amide an organic compound with a -CONR2 group ( where R can be H or alkyl groups)
Created by: squiddyman
 

 



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