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Georgia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Parietal Lobe | Contains the primary somatosensory cortex, receives somatosensory infomation from the skin and the body parts |
| Occipital Lobe | Contains primary visual cortex, receives visual information from the eyes |
| Temporal Lobe | Contains the primary auditory cortex, involved in hearing and facial recognition |
| Brain Stem | Relays information and controls involuntary behaviours like breathing |
| Cerebellum | Controls muscle movement such as balance and coordination |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) | Medication that block the reabsorption of serotonin, increasing its availability in the brain |
| Benzodiazepines | Create a calming effect by enhancing the effect of GABA; highly addictive and prescribed for short durations |
| Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) Scan | X-ray image of brain to determine damage limited ability to measure brain funchtion, instead looks at structure |
| Position Emission Tomography (PET) Scan | Patient consumes radioactive substance. Creates computer-generated image brain, illustrating function during task. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Uses harmless radio waves instead of X-rays. Highly detailed images of specific brain structures but not their activity |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) | Measures subtle changes in blood flow through various areas of the brain |
| Nervous System | To receive information, process information, and coordination a response to information |
| Central Nervous System | Consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes info from sensory systems and activates appropriate response |
| Brain | Processes information from nerves and relays it throughout the body |
| Spinal Cord | Sends sensory information from the pNS back to the brain and sends motor information to the PNS for actions |
| Spinal Reflex | Activates simple actions without communication with the brain; these reflexes are adaptive |
| Peripheral Nervous System | communicates information between the sense organs, glands, muscles and the CNS |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Connects the CNS with the body's internal organs and glands; can be voluntarily manipulated |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Involved in arousing the body in response to a threat; fight or flight mode |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Maintains bodily processes that conserve and protect how our body functions, restores clam after arousal |
| Sensory Neurons | Receives sensory information from both the external and internal environments and transmits messages to the CNS |
| Motor Neurons | Send information from the CNS to muscles, glands, and organs, enabling movement and secretion |
| Interneurons | Carry and integrate information between sensory and motor neurons; provide a neutral link between them |
| Soma | Determines whether a neuron will be activated |
| Dendrites | Detects and receives neural information from the presynaptic neuron |
| Axon | Carries neural information away from the cell body or soma |
| Myelin Sheath | Insulates axon from other axons and facilitates the transmission of neural impulses |
| Synapse (Synaptic Gap) | The point of communication between two neurons, where neural information passes from one neuron's axon terminal to another's dendrites |
| Neural Impulse | A specific type of information that neurons transmit; they can not transmit sensory information directly |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical that transmit signals across a synapse; can have excitatory or inhibitory effects |
| Acetylcholine | Signals both skeletal and smooth muscles movement, low levels associated with Alzheimer's disease |
| Norepinephrine | Involved in physiological arousal, wakefulness, and learning; part of the fight or flight response |
| Dopamine | Regulates emotion, specifically pleasure and reward; low levels linked to Parkinson's disease |
| Serotonin | Involved with mood and sleep; regulates perception, aggression, and impulsiveness; linked to depression |
| Endorphins | Relieve pain and create a sense of euphoria; often secreted during stress or exercise |
| Left Hemisphere | Involved in verbal, analytical processes; responsible for arguing, goal setting, and organisation |
| Right Hemisphere | Involved in non-verbal, spatial and visual thinking, and creativity; more involved in emotional recognition |
| Frontal Lobe | Contain the primary motor cortex, involved in voluntary body movements |
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