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Assessment
Last science test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain the difference between how plants get energy and how animals get energy. | Plants (producers) make their own food through photosynthesis, while animals (consumers) get energy by eating other organisms (plants and/or animals). |
| Describe the role of a producer in an ecosystem. Include an example. | energy by making its own food, usually through photosynthesis, and convert the sun's energy into chemical energy stored as food for the rest of the ecosystem. Grass or algae. |
| Describe the role of a consumer in an ecosystem. Include an example. | obtain energy by eating other organisms (plants and/or animals. A rabbit (primary consumer) or an owl (secondary/tertiary consumer). |
| What is the job of a decomposer? Why are decomposers important? | break down dead organisms and waste matter, turning it into simple nutrients that return to the soil, air, and water. cycle matter and nutrients back into the ecosystem, allowing plants to grow and keeping the food chain going. |
| Why is the Sun considered the original source of energy for most ecosystems? | producers use its light energy to make their own food through photosynthesis. This chemical energy stored in producers is then transferred to every other organism (consumers) in the food web. |
| Identify the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer in a food chain of your choice. | Producer: Grass; Primary Consumer: Grasshopper; Secondary Consumer: Mouse; Tertiary Consumer: Owl. |
| Draw a food chain with at least four organisms and explain how energy moves through it. | A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms showing how energy moves. Grass > Mouse > Snake > Hawk. Energy begins with the grass. 10% of the energy is passed to the next level; the rest is lost as heat or used by the organism for life processes. |
| How might a decrease in a prey population affect predators? | cause the predator population to decrease because their main food source is reduced. The predators would struggle to find enough food to survive and reproduce. |
| Describe mutualism and provide an example. | Mutualism is an ecological relationship where both interacting organisms benefit. A bee pollinating a coneflower. |
| Describe parasitism and explain which organism benefits and which is harmed. | Parasitism is an ecological relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another. The organism that benefits is the parasite (e.g., mosquito), and the organism that is harmed is the host (e.g., bison). |
| Describe competition and explain why it occurs. | when two or more organisms in an ecosystem need or fight for the same limited resources. resources like food (e.g., berries) or living space are finite, and multiple organisms require them to survive. |
| Describe a predator-prey relationship. | interaction where one organism (the predator) hunts and kills another organism (the prey) for food and energy. Example: The owl is a predator and the vole is its prey. |
| Why do populations fluctuate instead of growing forever? | because of limiting factors such as a shortage of food and water and limited space. When a population exceeds the available resources, its numbers will begin to decline. |
| How can scientists use graphs to predict future population changes? | analyzing these past trends and patterns, they can project or predict what the population might do in the future, such as predicting future population fluctuations. |
| What is an invasive species and why can it be harmful? | organism that is introduced to an ecosystem where it is not native. often lacks natural predators, allowing it to overpopulate and disrupt the food web by causing the populations of its prey or competing species to decrease. |
| How can a new predator affect an ecosystem? | population of its prey to decrease. This, in turn, can cause the new predator's own population to increase due to a temporary abundance of food. |
| What is the difference between a biotic factor and an abiotic factor? | biotic is living components in an ecosystem, while abiotic is nonliving. |
| Give three examples of abiotic factors. | Temperature, Water/Drought, and Sunlight/Light. |
| How might a drought affect producers and consumers? | die off or decrease in population. This would, in turn, severely affect consumers, as it reduces their food source, causing the consumer population to decrease as well. |
| Which trophic level contains the most energy? Explain why. | The producers contain the most energyenergy is lost at each level as you move up the pyramid, with only about 10% of the energy being transferred to the next consumer level, and the rest (90%) is used by the organism or lost as heat. |
| Why are there usually fewer top predators than producers? | 10% rule, the top predators have less energy. |
| Explain why producers form the base of an energy pyramid. | first trophic level and convert the Sun's energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Since they hold the total available energy entering the ecosystem, this level is the largest, supporting all other life above it. |
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31costantini