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Science 2026
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Force | a push or pull |
| Unbalanced forces | forces that create a change in the net force, causing an object to accelerate change speed, or change direction |
| Net force | the sum of all the forces acting upon a body |
| Balanced forces | forces acting on an on that combine to result in a net force of zero |
| Acceleration | the rate at which an object changes its velocity |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion or rest |
| Speed formula | distance/time |
| mass | the total amount of matter contained within an object measured in kg |
| weight | a measurement of the gravitational pull acting downward on an objects mass measured in newtons |
| newtons 1st law | states that a object at rest remains at rest and an object in steady motion stars in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force |
| newtons 2nd law | states than an object's mass directly affects how much force is required to accelerate it, represented by F=ma |
| newtons 3rd law | for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| law of universal gravitation | states that all objects with mass attract each other with a force that increases as masses increase and decrease as distance increases |
| gravity | a non contact force that pulls objects toward one another |
| Magnetic field | an invisible area surrounding a magnetic material |
| non contact force | a push or pull applied to an object by another body without physical contact |
| magnetic poles | the physical regions located at opposite ends of a magnet where the magnetic field and forces are concentrated most strongly |
| magnetism | a non contact field force generated specifically by the movement of electrical charges |
| repulsion | a pushing force that occurs when like electrical charges or identical magnetic poles face each other |
| attraction | a pulling force that occurs when opposite electrical charges or unlike magnetic poles are brought near each other |
| electricty | the continuous flow of electrons |
| series corcuit | an electrical circuit where components are wired end to end to form a single continuous path a break anywhere stops all current flow |
| static electricity | a temporary imbalance or electrical charges on a surface typically caused by friction transferring electrons |
| conducter | a material that readily allows the free movement of electrical charge |
| parallel circuit | an electrical circuit where components are arranged along seperate independent branches a break in one branch does not stop the flow of electrons |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that circles the nucleus |
| insulator | any material that strongly resist the flow of electricity or thermal energy |
| neutron | a subatomic particle with a neutral zero charge located inside the nucleus |
| proton | a subatomic particle with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
| energy | the ability to perform work or cause a change in postiton |
| kinetic energy | the active energy an object has due to being in motion |
| potential energy | stored energy held within an object |
| forms of energy | there are 4 types of PE (chemical, nuclear, stored mechanical, gravitational) and 5 types of KE (radiant,thermal motion,sound,electrical) |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms. the total energy in a closed system stays constant |
| convection | thermal energy transfer within fluids caused by warmer, less dense fluid rising and cooler, denser fluid sinking into a circulation loop |
| conduction | thermal energy transfer through direct physical contact where vibrating atomic particles pass kinetic energy to neighboring partciles |
| states of matter | solid, liquid and gas |
| radiation | thermal energy transfer occurs through waves that can travel across empty vacuums without needing any medium |
| thermal energy | the total amount of kinetic energy resulting from the movement of all atoms and molecules within a substance |
| temperature | a measurement of the average kinetic energy of a substances molecules |
| electromagnetic spectrum | energy that travels through waves either through a medium space on a continuous spectrum |
| wavelength | the distance between two crests of a wave |
| electromagnetic wave | a wave capable of traveling through empty space or vacuums to transfer energy |
| frequenecy | the total number of complete wave cycles that pass a point within a set time frame |
| work | when a external force acts on an objects and causes it to move a distance in the direction of the force |
| power | a rate at which how quickly work is completed over a given duration of time |
| simple machinee | a basic device that changes that magnitiude and or direction of an input effort force to make work easier |
| mechanical advatange | a measurement scaling how much easier or harder a machine makes a designated task |
| actual mechanical advantage | the factor by which a machine is helping to do work, calculated by force of the load divided by the force of effort |
| lever | a simple machine consisting of a rigid bar pivoting a fulcrum to lesson the force against a loadd |
| pulley | a simple machine composed of a wheel with a grooved rim supporting a rope, used to lift up a load |
| wheel and axle | a simple machine consisting or a large wheel locked onto a smaller internal rod so that they rotate together to transfer force |
| ramp | a flat structure supported in the air set at an angle to reduce the effort needed to lift a load |
| wedge | a portable simple machine with a thick base tapering to a sharp edge and when driven into a material it causes it to split or separate |
| screw | a simple machine consisting of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder, designed to lift items or generate clamping force |
Created by:
Annacook0917