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MCAT
Amino Acids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrophobic (7) | GAVLIMP (gly, ala, val, leu, ile, met, pro) |
| Hydrophilic, uncharged (5) | SCQNT (ser, cys, gln, asn, thr) |
| Aromatic (3) | WYF (trp, tyr, phe) |
| Acidic (-'ve) (2) | DE (asp, glu) |
| Basic (+'ve) (3) | HRK (his, arg, lys) |
| amino acids that are easily phosphorylated owing to OH groups | STY (ser, thr, tyr) |
| the amino acid that forms kinks in a polypeptide chain | P (proline) |
| amino acid that forms stabilizing disulfide bridges with same amino acids in same or different polypeptide chains | C (cys: has a thiol -SH group) |
| peptide bond | an amide linkage btwn a nitrogen and a carbonyl group (C=O) |
| S 18 D | a mutation that mimics a phosphorylation, causing a change in shape of the protein owing to repulsions of neg side chains |
| in which conditions is the amino group protonated, showing NH₃⁺, | acidic or physiological conditions |
| in which conditions will we see the amino group as NH₂ and the carboxyl group as COO⁻. | basic conditions |
| Which categories of amino acid would you expect to find on the surface of a soluble protein, and which would you expect to find in the interior? | Polar and charged amino acids will be found on the surface. Non-polar amino acids will be found in the interior. |
| which amino acids have weird letters | tyr= Y= tyrosine lys= K = lysine gln = Q = glutamine glu = E = glutamic acid asn = N = asparagine asp = D = asparDic acid trp = W = tryptophan |
| if the pKa of the side group is below the pH of the environment, | the side group will be deprotonated (pKa < pH = depro) |
| if the pKa of the side group is above the pH of the environment, | the side group will be protonated (pKa > pH = pro) |
| pKa | the smaller the value, the stronger the acid (more likely the side group will lose a proton) |
| if you protonate an NH2 group, the charge will be | positive (NH3+) |
| if you protonate a COO- group, the charge will be | neutral (COOH) |
| if the overall charges on side groups balance each other out, the amino acid charge will be | neutral |
| phospho-mimetic effect | when an enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, a mutation that substitutes in asp or glu can cause it to become permanently activated |
| salt bridges | these stabilize a protein by forming attractions btwn acidic (-'ve) and basic (+'ve) side chains |
| L configuration | all 19 amino acids since the amino group is on the left (gly is achiral) |
| isoelectric point | the pH at which the polypeptide does not have a net charge. |
| polar side chains will be attracted to: | other polar side chains or charged side chains (ID, HB, DD and LD forces of attraction) |
| non polar side chains will be attracted to: | other non-polar side chains ( LD forces of attraction) |
| acids | proton donors |
| bases | proton acceptors |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
jcepella