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Biology (P2)
Plant Structures and their Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do photosynthetic organisms do? | Main producers of food and therefore biomass |
| What is photosynthesis in plants and algae? | Endothermic reaction that uses light energy to react carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen |
| Describe the effect of temperature as a limiting factor on the rate of photosynthesis | As temp increases, the rate also increases until an optimum, after enzymes denature and the rate decreases |
| Describe the effect of light intensity as a limiting factor on the rate of photosynthesis | The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of the reaction |
| Describe the effect of carbon dioxide concentration as a limiting factor on the rate of photosynthesis | As the concentration of CO2 increases, the rate also increases |
| Why does the rate of photosynthesis eventually plateau if light intensity keeps increasing? | One of the other factors becomes limiting |
| Why does the rate of photosynthesis decrease as the distance from a light source increases? | Light intensity is inversely proportional to 1 over the distance squared |
| Why does the rate of photosynthesis eventually plateau if CO2 conc keeps increasing? | Another factor becomes limiting |
| What are the steps for light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis practical? (4) | Use ruler to place flask and pondweed 15 cm from lamp, leave for around 10 mins, connect gas syringe to flask and record change in volume on syringe after 5 mins, move lamp 10cm further measure vol change again and repeat |
| How is the rate of photosynthesis directly proportional to light intensity? | The greater light intensity means more photons heat the chloroplast in the leaf and the more photosynthesis can occur at once |
| How is the rate of photosynthesis inversely proportional to distance from a light source? | Because as distance increases, rate of photosynthesis descreases |
| How is the structure of root hair cells adapted to absorb water and mineral ions? | Large surface area, large permanent vacuole, mitochondria to provide energy for active transport |
| How are xylem cells adapted to their function? | Hollow lignified dead cells that are joined end-to-end so water and mineral ions can move through |
| How are phloem cells adapted to their function? | Cell walls of each cell from sieve plates when broken down, mitochondria provides energy to transport sucrose around the plant |
| How are water and mineral ions transported through the plant by transpiration? | Water leaves and evaporates from the leaves from the stomata (pores), water molecules are attracted to each other so as some leave, the xylem pulls the others through, guard cells open and close stomata |
| How is sucrose transported around the plant by translocation | Occurs in the phloem, translocation occurs from the sources to the sinks and location of these depend on the season |
| How does temperature affect the rate of water uptake in a plant? | The higher the temp, the faster molecules move and transpiration and evaporation happen faster |
| How does air movement affect the rate of water uptake in a plant? | Increased air movement (wind) means diffusion will happen faster and the rate of transpiration increases |
| How does light intensity affect the rate of water uptake in a plant? | The higher it is, the increased rate of photosynthesis, more stomata open allowing more water to evaporate leading to faster transpiration |
| How do we use a potometer for rate calculations for transpiration? | Place leaf shoot in one end of potometer, use ruler to measure how far the bubble travels up the capillary tube in water in a set time |
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