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Urinary System

Part 3

QuestionAnswer
The most common series of Retrograde Urography projections have 3 AP Images: Scout- Showing ureteral catheters in position
The most common series of Retrograde Urography projections have 3 AP Images: Pyelogram- Filling of the renal pelvis and calyces
The most common series of Retrograde Urography projections have 3 AP Images: Ureterogram- Filling of the ureters
The Head of the table may be elevated_______ to show any tortuosity of the ureters and mobility of the kidneys 35 to 40 degrees
The Head of the table may be lowered to Prevent contrast from going down the ureters
Retrograde Urography Patient Position- Modified Lithotomy Position (Does not require the acute flexion of knees and hips of true lithotomy)
Retrograde Urography CR Placement- Perpendicular, at level of iliac crest
Imaging of the Bladder Cystography
Cystography Contrast- Non-ionic, water soluble, lower iodinated salt concentration
AP Bladder CR Placement- Perpendicular, enter at level of soft tissue depression above the prominence of the greater trochanter
AP Axial Bladder CR Placement- 10 - 15° Caudad, enters 2 inches above the Pubic Symphysis
AP Axial Bladder CR Angulation depends on Lumbar Lordosis (greater lordosis = smaller angle)
AP Oblique Bladder Patient Position- 40-60° Posterior Oblique Position (used to visualize posterolateral aspect of the bladder)
AP Oblique Bladder CR Placement- Perpendicular, 2 inches above Pubic Symphysis and 2 inches Medial to elevated ASIS
If_________ are of interest, 10- degree caudal angle of the Central Ray will project pubic bones below them (just like AP Axial coccyx) Bladder Neck and Proximal Urethra
Lateral Bladder Patient Position- Lateral Recumbent, right or left side Knees flexed for comfort, Flex elbows and place hands under head
Lateral Bladder CR Placement- Perpendicular, enters MCP 2 inches above the pubic symphysis
Different for Males and Females, Can be done Voiding to show Function Cystourethrography
Cystourethrography for Males: Patient Position- AP Oblique, RPO position, obliqued at 35 - 40°
Cystourethrography for Females: Patient Position- AP
Cystourethrography for Males: CR Placement Perpendicular, entering Superior Border of Pubic Symphysis This Demonstrates bladder neck and urethra with as little bony superimposition as possible
Cystourethrography for Females: CR Placement Perpendicular, entering Superior Border of Pubic Symphysis. A 5-degree caudal angulation of the central ray is usually sufficient to free the bladder neck of superimposition
Intravenous Urography (IVU) or Excertory Urography (EU) are- Timed Radiographs (urograms)
The greatest concentration of contrast medium in the kidneys normally occurs________ after injection 15 to 20 Minutes
Depending on the patient’s hydration status and the speed of the injection, the contrast agent normally begins to appear in the pelvicaliceal system within_____ 2 to 8 Minutes
The most commonly recommended radiographic images for IVU are AP projections at time intervals ranging from 3-20 Minutes
AP oblique projections (30-degree) may be taken at______ 5 to 10-Minute intervals
The First “blush” of contrast in pelvis is known as the Nephrogram Phase
Intravenous Urography (IVU) Primary Indication- Suspected/continued ureteral obstruction
Intravenous Urography (IVU) Contraindications- Poor kidney function (Low GFR, High creatine) Allergy to contrast
Retrograde Urography (RUG) and Cystography Contraindications are related to- Catheterization
Cystography Primary Indication- o Vesicoureteral reflux o Recurrent UTI o Bladder trauma o Fistulae o Stricture o Posterior urethral valves
Created by: user-2016295
 

 



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