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Social Studies
Finals 6/15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary Source | -Document that was created by someone who lived through or witnessed the event -Ex: pictures, autobiographies, artifacts, speeches, paintings, diaries, and documentaries |
| Secondary Source | -Someone writing something that they didn't go through or experience, witness events -Ex: TV show, movies, textbooks, biographies, encyclopedias |
| How did Native Americans use natural resources to adapt to their environments? | -resources that come from Earth/nature -hunted animals and used skin for clothing -used wood from forest for shelter |
| What tribe was the most powerful group in what is now New York? How did their government work? | -Iroquois -had a democracy and were made up of 6 tribes |
| Which continents made up the Old World? | -Europe, Africa, Asia |
| Which continents made up the New World? | -The Americas |
| Why did Europeans want to explore the New World | -god, gold, glory -wanted to conquer land and be known |
| Columbian Exchange | -exchange between the Old and New Worlds |
| What were some examples of things that were exchanged in the Columbian exchange? | -European diseases were brought to the New World causing many Native Americans to die -crops, animals, farming techniques, weapons, and religion were exchanged |
| What was the first permanent English settlement? Where was it located? | -Jamestown in 1607 -located in Virginia |
| Who settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts? | -pilgrims |
| Mayflower Compact | -important document that said that the Pilgrims could make decisions for Plymouth -form of self-government |
| For what purpose did the Puritans and Quakers settle in North America? | -religious freedom |
| Mercantilism | -countries should export more than important -idea on how to make a country wealthy |
| What country was the parent nation of the 13 colonies? | -Britain |
| French and Indian War | -English wanted control of valuable resource in the Ohio River Valley -British won -France gave up land to Great Britain -Ended with Treaty of Paris 1763 France issued Proclamation of 1763 |
| Albany Plan of Union | -created by Ben Franklin to unite the colonies -centralized government would make decisions for the colonies -plan was rejected |
| Proclamation of 1763 | -created by Great Britain after French and Indian War -avoid conflict between colonists and native americans -colonists could not live past Apalachian Mountains -angered colonists |
| What were the 3 regions of the 13 English colonies? | -New England, Middle, and Southern |
| No taxation without representation | -colonists told the British that they shouldn't tax them without their consent or representation in Parliament |
| What were the causes of the American Revolution? | -taxes from Britain -no representation -British control -Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party -Intolerable Acts |
| What were some ways that colonists protected British taxes? | -boycotting British goods -protests -Boston Tea Party -forming groups like Sons of Liberty |
| Common Sense by Thomas Paine | -a pamphlet to try to convince more colonists to join the fight against Britain -influence of the Declaration of Independence |
| Stamp Act | -1765 -required colonists to pay tax -one of the first acts -British started taxing people because they were in debt after the French and Indian War |
| Townshend Act | -1767 -named for Charles Townshend -taxed glass, paper,silk,lead paint, and tea -colonists boycotted |
| Patriots | -someone who wanted freedom and for the colonists to be an independent country |
| Loyalists | -people who respected the British government and wanted them to stay with the colonies -remained loyal to Britain |
| Declaration of Independence | -separated the colonies from Britain -adopted on July 4th, 1776 -inspired by the Enlightment, John Locke, Magna Carta, and British Bill of Rights |
| Boston Tea Party | -British Parliament passed down the Tea Act and taxed tea which angered the colonists and boycotted -destroyed a total of 342 chests of tea |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord | -1775 -first battles of the American Revolution |
| Battle of Saratoga | -battle in September and October of 1777 -turning point of the war -French decided to join the American side |
| Battle of Yorktown | -1781 -last major battle -trapped the British by land and by sea |
| Articles of Confederation | -November 15,1777 -made to avoid a strong national government -first U.S. government -overall, caused economical and political problems |
| What were some problems with the Articles of Confederation? | -one branch of government(legislative) -couldn't collect taxes, control trade, or enforce laws -9 out of the 13 states needed to approve laws |
| ratify | -to approve -the states needed to ratify the Constitution |
| constitution | -a plan for government -blueprint |
| What is the meaning of the preamble of the Constitution? | -introduction to the Constitution -peace in the country, making sure the people are happy, protecting the people, etc |
| Great Compromise | -made by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth -equal representation (each state gets 2 senators) -compromise between the VA and NJ plans -house of representatives- based on population |
| amendement | -how the Constitution can be changed |
| How are amendments added to the Constitution? | -2/3 of Congress needs to approve -3/4 of the states need to approve |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | -compromise between Northern and Southern delegates -3/5 of the slaves would count toward state populations -affected electoral votes |
| Bill of Rights | -first 10 amendments of the Constitution -explain the rights we have -limit the power of the government |
| Articles of Confederation | -November 15,1777 -made to avoid a strong national government -first U.S. government -overall, caused economical and political problems |
| Second Amendment | -right to have weapons |
| Third Amendment | -soldiers cannot be housed in American homes unless Congress passes a law |
| What were some problems with the Articles of Confederation? | -one branch of government(legislative) -couldn't collect taxes, control trade, or enforce laws -9 out of the 13 states needed to approve laws |
| Fourth Amendment | -warrants are needed to search personal property |
| ratify | -to approve -the states needed to ratify the Constitution |
| Fifth Amendment | -rights to not speak at your own trial |
| constitution | -a plan for government -blueprint |
| What groups are in the legislative branch? | -house of representatives -senate |
| What is the meaning of the preamble of the Constitution? | -introduction to the Constitution -peace in the country, making sure the people are happy, protecting the people, etc |
| What groups are in the executive branch? | -president -vice president -cabinet |
| Great Compromise | -made by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth -equal representation (each state gets 2 senators) -compromise between the VA and NJ plans -house of representatives- based on population |
| What groups are in the judicial branch? | -Supreme court |
| amendement | -how the Constitution can be changed |
| What is the main job of the legislative branch? | -makes laws |
| How are amendments added to the Constitution? | -2/3 of Congress needs to approve -3/4 of the states need to approve |
| What is the main job of the executive branch? | -enforce laws -veto or sign a bill from Congress to make a law |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | -compromise between Northern and Southern delegates -3/5 of the slaves would count toward state populations -affected electoral votes |
| What is the main job of the judicial branch? | -explains laws -highest court in country |
| Bill of Rights | -first 10 amendments of the Constitution -explain the rights we have -limit the power of the government |
| separation of powers | -prevents a tyranny -3 branches of government |
| First Amendment | -freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition |
| U.S. Supreme Court | -highest court in the country -part of judicial branch |
| Second Amendment | -right to have weapons |
| What are two other names for the central government? | -national and federal |
| Third Amendment | -soldiers cannot be housed in American homes unless Congress passes a law |
| How is representation decided for the Senate? | -equal representation -2 per state |
| Fourth Amendment | -warrants are needed to search personal property |
| How is representation decided for the House of Representatives? | -based off of population |
| Fifth Amendment | -rights to not speak at your own trial |
| What groups are in the legislative branch? | -house of representatives -senate |
| What groups are in the executive branch? | -president -vice president -cabinet |
| What groups are in the judicial branch? | -Supreme court |
| What is the main job of the legislative branch? | -makes laws |
| What is the main job of the executive branch? | -enforce laws -veto or sign a bill from Congress to make a law |
| What is the main job of the judicial branch? | -explains laws -highest court in country |
| separation of powers | -prevents a tyranny -3 branches of government |
| U.S. Supreme Court | -highest court in the country -part of judicial branch |
| What are two other names for the central government? | -national and federal |
| How is representation decided for the Senate? | -equal representation -2 per state |
| How is representation decided for the House of Representatives? | -based off of population |
| What was some advice given to the nation by George Washington in his Farewell Address? | -stay neutral -we are stronger if we stay united -no political parties |
| What were the first two political parties? Why did they develop? | -federalists because they wanted things like a national bank and strong central government -democratic-republicans because they wanted a weak central government and more state power |
| Marbury v. Madison | -disagreement over appointment of federal judge -established judicial review |
| Impressment | -act of taking sailors and forcing them to fight in an enemy's navy -Britain did this to America -cause of War of 1812 |
| What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812? | -British impressment of American sailors -Britain did not leave the land promised after the American Revolution -British interference with shipping and trade -Britain supported Native Americans -war hawks -Andrew Jackson became a hero -American won |
| Louisiana Purchase | -Jefferson wanted guaranteed access to the Port of New Orleans -doubled the size of our country -benefited our economy |
| Embargo Act | -Embargo=stop trade -problems with European countries -Goal=stop Britain and France from interfering with American trade -economic problems -cause of War of 1812 |
| Monroe Doctrine | -warning from the US to European countries -different than Washington's advice to stay neutral |
| Erie Canal | -man-made water way that connected New York City to the Great Lakes Region -opened in 1825 -more than 8 years to make -serious challenges |
| Spoils System | -Andrew Jackson awarded government jobs to his supporters and friends after he became president -many of the people given jobs were not qualified for them -this allowed every day/common people to become involved in government |
| Indian Removal Act | -US pushed the Native Americans west of the Mississippi River because they wanted their land for farming -The Native Americans thought it was unfair because they'd lived there first -created during Jackson's presidency -led to the Trail of Tears |
| What are taxes placed on imported goods? | -tariffs |
| Andrew Jackson | -grew up poor (common man) -encouraged more people to vote -a war hero from the battle of New Orleans -first democrat president -known for using the spoils system -helped end the Nullification Crisis |
| Manifest Destiny | -belief that the US must expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and had permission from god -carried out during the Polk Administration -created a lot of new opportunities for farmers -meant to happen |
| Why did some Americans travel west? | -to hunt animals for fur -to spread religion -to farm on fertile soil in Oregon -to find gold in California |
| Annexation | -to add -the US annexed Texas to make it part of our country |
| What were the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War? | -1846-1848 -Mexico didn't recognize the annexation of Texas by the US -Mexico and the US argued over where the border between both countries was -ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Why did many Americans go to California in the 1840s-1850s? | -miners found gold in 1848 in California -gold rush=when many people move to a place where gold was discovered -1,000s of people went to find gold in 1849(49ers) -made California a state |
| -What did many women advocate for? | -equal rights |
| Sectionalism | -focus on your particular area of the country -north vs. south |
| Cotton gin | -invented by Eli Whitney -changed how cotton was processed -created more plantations |
| Abolitionists | -people who wanted to end slavery -wrote books, speeches, newspapers, articles, and protested -Frederick Douglass was a famous abolitionist |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | -novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe - used information from stories of real runaway slaves -exposed harsh reality of slavery to northern readers |
| Dred Scott Decision | -he was a slave that was brought to a free state -case reached the Supreme Court -enslaved people were property |
| How did the national government try to keep the country together before the Civil War broke out? | -The Missouri Compromise -The Compromise of 1850 -The Kansas-Nebraska Act -Dred Scott Decision |
| What were the three overall causes of the War? | -slavery -sectionalism -states' rights |
| Secede | -to leave -South Carolina was the first state to secede from the US |
| What was the last straw that led to the secession of South Carolina? | -Lincoln winning the election of 1860 -Southerners were afraid that he would try to end slavery |
| Emancipation Proclamation | -an effort to bring back states to the Union -made the second goal of the War, to end slavery -led the way to the 13th Amendment |
| Gettysburg Address | -at a memorial for the burial of the soldiers who had died -Lincoln was unpopular at the time -remembered as one of the best speeches in American history |
| What were 3 advantages of the Union? | -higher population -more railroad tracks -more factories |
| What were 3 advantages of the Confederacy? | -fighting defensively -more capable military leaders -better knowledge of the land |
| What impact did the Civil War have on the United States? | -abolishing slavery -bringing the country back together |
Created by:
LUMEGR