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Urinary System
Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antegrade- | Normal direction of blood flow |
| Retrograde- | Against normal flow of blood |
| Antegrade filling technique- | IVU |
| Retrograde filling technique requires- | Urinary Catheterization |
| Lower Concentrations (30% iodinated salt) are required for | Bladder Studies |
| Higher Concentrations (50-70%) are used for | Kidney & Ureters |
| Local Reactions- | Only affect a specific region of the body • Extravasation • Phlebitis |
| Systemic Reactions- | affect the entire body or a specific organ system • Mild • Moderate • Severe |
| Phlebitis- | Inflammation of a vein |
| Extravasation- | Leakage of iodinated contrast media outside the vessel |
| Preparation of Intestinal Tract | If possible, low-residue diet for 1 to 2 days before examination Sometimes non–gas-forming laxative the day before the examination Nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight the day of the examination |
| For retrograde urography, patient should | Drink 4 to 5 cups of water several hours before examination |
| Patient should be well hydrated in order to help the Kidneys | Flush Out Contrast |
| Who is responsible for observing guidelines for radiation protection? | Radiologist |
| Exposures should be made_______ unless otherwise requested | At the End of Expiration |
| Intravenous Urography (IVU) Evaluates- | Kidney Function and Structure |
| Function is the- | Ability of the kidneys to filter contrast medium from the blood and concentrate it with the urine |
| Structure is- | Visualized as the contrast material passes through the Kidney |
| What is the best overall indicator of kidney function | Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) |
| What is the normal GFR? | 90 to 120 mL/min |
| A GFR Below 90 mL/min indicates | Renal Dysfunction |
| Normal creatinine- | 0.5 to 1.2 mg/100 mL |
| Creatinine ______ is a cause for concern | Above 2.5 |
| Intravenous Urography Preparation- | Before procedure, patient must empty bladder, remove clothing, and put on a gown Review the patients allergies, GFR and creatine Make scout radiograph (regular KUB, CR at iliac crest) |
| ___________ of contrast (for the average adult) is administered via venipuncture when performing a Intravenous Urography procedure | 30 - 100 mL |
| Used to check for small tumor masses or enlarged prostate in males | Post Void |
| AP Urogram (IVU) Patient Position- | Supine, Support at knees to reduce back strain |
| AP Urogram (IVU) CR Placement- | Perpendicular, at level of iliac crest |
| AP Oblique Urogram (IVU) Patient Position- | 30° RPO or LPO |
| AP Oblique Urogram (IVU) CR Placement- | Perpendicular, at level of iliac crest, 2 inches lateral to midline, elevated side |
| Retrograde Urography (RUG) Evaluates- | Kidney structure (IVU in reverse) |
| Retrograde Urography (RUG) requires ________ for injection of contrast | Catheterization of the Ureters through a Uterocystoscope |
| RUG is for patient who cannot do IVU, Contrast is injected directly into the | Renal System, not into Blood |
| Cystography Evaluates- | Bladder Structure |
| Cystourethrography Evaluates- | Bladder and Urethra structure, but can be voiding for function |
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user-2016295