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ALS FINAL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | a protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| substrate | the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants and other autotrophs use the light energy to convert water and and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high- energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| thylakoid | a bag like photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts |
| stroma | the liquid filled space surrounding the thylakoid in chloroplasts |
| NADP+ | one of the molecules that accepts high-energy electrons from chloropphyll and carries them to other molecules during photosynthesis |
| light-dependent reaction | a reaction of photosynthesis that uses ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide to make high energy sugars |
| light-independent reaction | a reaction of photosynthesis that uses light energy to make ATP and NADPH |
| Electron transport chain (etc) | a series of proteins in which high energy electrons are used to change ADP and to ATP |
| aerobic | a process that requires oxygen |
| anarobic | a process that doesn’t require oxygen |
| glycolysis | the first set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
| NAD+ | an electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
| Krebs cycle | The Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions |
| matrix | the inner most compartment of the mitochondrian |