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Exam 2
Principles of Ecology Summer Semester 2026
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| State the principle of allocation. | Over a narrow temperature range |
| Use the principle of allocation to explain why organisms may reproduce less outside a limited temperature range | Given limited energy, if an organism allocates energy to one function it reduces the amount f energy available to other functions |
| Explain the concept of evolutionary trade-offs. | It reduces fitness in others |
| Illustrate an example of a trade-off exhibited by Escherichia coli in which adapting to one temperature reduces fitness at other temperatures | Adapting to one set of environmental conditions reduces fitness in other conditions |
| Distinguish adaptation from acclimatization/acclimation. | Resource and energy limitation |
| Describe an experiment and data that demonstrate acclimatization in the plant Atriplex lentiformis | Heat gained by metabolism (Hm) Heat lost or gained by conduction (Hcd) Heat lost or gained by convection (Hcv) Heat gained by radiation (Hr) Heat loss by evaporation of water (He) |
| Compare if, and how, poikilotherms, ectotherms, and endotherms can maintain relatively constant body temperatures when faced with variations in environmental temperatuer | Behavior (e.g., basking, seeking shade) |
| Identify the processes of heat exchange (i.e., the H terms) in organismal heat budgets. | |
| Provide examples of adaptations that allow organisms to regulate heat gain or heat loss through the different H terms as well as the consequences for organism body temperature | |
| Identify habitats or biomes in which you might find organisms with these adaptations | |
| Describe the polar structure of the water (H2 O) molecule and recognize that this makes water a good solvent and medium for biochemical reactions essential to life | |
| Recall that water moves down a concentration or pressure gradient. Accordingly, describe the movement of water with respect to vapor pressure deficit, osmotic pressure, and water potential | |
| Explain what those terms (vapor pressure deficit, osmotic pressure, and water potential) mean, and identify an environmental system (e.g., animal-air, organism-water, soil-plant- air) to which each applies | |
| Describe how humidity and temperature affect vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and the effects of VPD on water and heat loss from terrestrial animals. |
Created by:
KristenR2025