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Forensic Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does BPA stand for? | Bloodstain Pattern Analysis |
| types of bloodstains patterns | Drip Stain, Pool pattern, flow stain |
| Explain the different types of blood stains | Passive, Active, Contact/transfer |
| How is blood detected | Investigators use high intensity or UV light to find traces of blood or other bodily fluids that are not visible under normal light |
| What is blood | Blood runs through the body via veins, arteries and capillaries. |
| What are the Components of Blood? | Plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells and Platelets |
| What is Plasma? | The yellowish liquid component of blood. |
| What percentage does Red blood cells account for in all blood | Account for 40-45% of blood volume. |
| explain what DNA evidence can be used for | identifying suspects |
| state and describe the base pairing rule for DNA | Adenine (A) bonds with Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) bonds with Guanine (G) |
| state the number of chromosomes a human has in their body cells and in their sex cells (egg and sperm) | In humans, there are 46 chromosomes in each nucleus of every cell; 23 from mum, 23 from dad. |
| identify where DNA is found in a human cell | DNA is found in the nucleus of human cells. |
| outline the steps of gel electrophoresis (DNA profiling) | Step 1: Collect a sample containing DNA (blood, hair, cells). Step 2: DNA is extracted and 'cut' into fragments (pieces). Step 3: DNA samples loaded into wells at one end of the gel. Step 4: A negative terminal is placed nearest the wells and a positiv |
| Explanation of Passive blood spatter | Passive blood spatter is created from the force of gravity |
| Explanation of Active blood spatter | Active blood spatter occurs when a force is applied to the source of |
| function of RBC | RBC contains special protein called hemoglobin which helps carry oxygen throughout the body and then returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs |
| Function of WBC | WBC are immune cells that protect the body from infection by destroying disease-causing agents called pathogens |
| function of Platelets | platelets helps with blood clotting/coagulation which seals wounds preventing blood loss |
| describe how DNA is passed from generation to generation | DNA is passed down from parents to offspring through gametes, with each parent contributing half of the genetic material |
| Outline the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromones | DNA, genes, and chromosomes are the fundamental building blocks of life, intricately linked in a complex system that dictates the characteristics of all living organisms. Understanding their precise relationship is central to comprehending how life functi |
| List blood types | The 4 blood types are A, B, AB, and O |
| outline how blood typing evidence can be used in solving crimes | Can be used to identify bloodstains, presumptive tests, and corroborative evidence |
| identify why blood type evidence isn't always reliable | Blood types are not unique unlike DNA because millions of people could have the same blood type. The blood could also get contaminated with another blood type. |
| explain how blood types are inherited | Blood type is established before you are born, by specific genes inherited from parents. Children inherit one gene from their mother and one gene from their father. These genes determine the blood type of an individual by causing proteins called antigens |
| identify the antigens found on the red blood cells of each blood type | Blood type A: A antigens are found blood type B: B antigens are found Blood Type AB: A and B antigens are found Blood Type O: No antigens are found |
| identify the antibodies that would be found in a person's blood if they had each of the four blood types | Blood type A: B antibodies would be found blood type B: A antibodies would be found Blood Type AB: No antibodies would be found Blood Type O: A and B antibodies would be found |
| Define genotypes and phenotypes | A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the specific set of genes or alleles inherited from its parents. The blood type letter, A, B, O, are phenotypes. |
| state the possible genotypes of each of the 4 blood types | Blood type A: Ia Ia or Ia i Blood type B: Ib Ib or Ib i Blood type AB: Ia Ib Blood type O: i i |
| how is blood detected | A forensic investigator could use UV light or luminal to detect blood at a crime scene |
| Explain how the different types of blood stains are created | Passive: Patterns are created from the force of gravity. Examples: drops, flow patterns, blood pools. Active: Patterns that occur when a force is applied to the source of the blood. Examples: impact spatters, cast-off, projected spatter (e.g. arterial sp |
| Do you understand this now | yes |
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Zohehe