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English 9 Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A character | is a being in a literary work who plays a role or part |
| Flat Character | a character who is uncomplicated; readers know very little about their personality or background |
| Round Character | a character with a complex, multifaceted personality; they have depth and dimension provided by the author |
| Static Character = SAME | a character who does not undergo any important change over the course of a story; they are the same in the beginning and the end |
| Dynamic Character | a character who undergoes some important developmental change over the course of a story; they are a different person toward the end |
| Protagonist | the main character who makes key decisions that affect the plot, influencing the story and propelling it forward, and is often the character who faces the most significant obstacles |
| Foil | a character who highly contrasts (think opposite!) with another character, typically contrasting the protagonist, in order to better differentiate the qualities of that other character |
| Antagonist | the villain or main adversary; a character who actively opposes the protagonist or other characters who help the protagonist in their goals |
| Conflict | is the struggle between two opposing forces |
| Internal conflict | is when a character struggles with their own opposing desires, goals, or beliefs. |
| External conflict | sets a character against something or someone beyond their control. |
| vs. Self | the opposition the character faces from within their own heart or mind. |
| vs. Character | a common type of conflict in which one character’s needs or wants are at odds with another’s. |
| vs. Nature | where a character is set in opposition to nature. |
| vs. Supernatural | pitting characters against phenomena like magic, ghosts, gods, or monsters, creating an unequal playing field. |
| vs. Technology | problems that arise when technology grows beyond its intended use. |
| vs. Society | when the protagonist is placed in opposition with society, the government, or a cultural tradition or societal norm of some kind. |
| vs. Fate | where a character struggles against a prediction or fate from a supernatural entity, oracle, or god. |
| Mood | the overall atmosphere or feelings that the readers experience while reading a text |
| Tone | the author’s attitude toward the subject they are writing about |
| Symbol | a sign, shape, or physical object that is used to represent a larger idea/deeper meaning |
| Motif | an idea that an author repeats throughout their work in order to establish a theme |
| Theme | a life lesson readers take from the story and apply to their own lives; it is written as a COMPLETE SENTENCE, not just one word! |
| Setting | is where and when a story takes place |
| 1st Person | told from the perspective of the main character themselves, using words like “I” and “my” |
| 2nd Person | told from the perspective of the main character themselves, using words such as “you” and “we” to address the reader directly |
| 3rd Person Omniscient | told from the perspective of an unnamed narrator, where they share ALL the details about ALL the characters/setting/events |
| 3rd Person Limited | told from the perspective of an unnamed narrator, where they share only the important/ necessary details about the main characters |
| exposition | introduces the characters and the setting, giving readers basic information |
| inciting incident | some action that destabilizes the initial situation and opens up conflict |
| Meter | The measured arrangement of sounds/beats in a poem, including the poet’s placement of emphasis and the number of syllables per line. |
| Allusion | A brief reference to a real or fictional person, event, place, or work of art. |
| Stanza | A unified group of lines in poetry. This is often marked by spacing between sections of the poem. |
| Tone | The attitude the poem’s narrator (this may or may not be the actual poet) takes towards a subject or character: serious, humorous, sarcastic, ironic, concerned, tongue-in-cheek, solemn, objective, etc. |
| Enjambment | This occurs when one line ends without a pause or any punctuation and continues onto the next line. Ex: If this were a poem, this would be an example of the technique. |
| Subject | simply what the poem is explicitly about |
| Metaphor | A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things without using connecting words, such as “like” or “as.” Ex: Love is a battlefield. |
| Free Verse | Poetry that does not rhyme or have a measurable meter. |
| Alliteration | The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex: “From forth the fatal loins of these two foes; A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life.” |
| Simile | A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things using connecting words, such as “like” or “as.” Ex: Love is like a battlefield. |
| climax | commonly known as the turning point, this is the moment of greatest intensity; this is also the moment when the fate of the characters is decided |
| falling action | a release of emotional tension and moves toward the resolution of the conflict; how the characters respond to the climax |
| resolution | all of the “loose ends” are tied and the primary conflict is resolved |
| conclusion | a new (compared to the exposition) and stable situation that gives a sense of closure |
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