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Ch 3 Study Guide
Infection Control, First Aid, Personal Wellness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nosocomial Infection/HAI (Healthcare Associated Infection) | Infection acquired during healthcare delivery |
| Communicable | Infections that are able to spread from human to human |
| Chain of Infection | How the infectious agent reaches the susceptible host |
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment |
| Biohazard | Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health |
| BBP (Bloodborne Pathogen) | Infectious microorganism in blood or any other body fluid or tissues |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom, HCS) | Commonly known as the "right to know law", all chemicals must be evaluated for health hazards and labeled as such and this information is communicated to employees |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | Used to communicate general and precautionary information about chemicals used in the workplace, will accompany every chemical known to have potential hazard to humans |
| CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) | An agency in the U.S. charged with the investigation and control of communicable diseases |
| Microbes | Can invade the body and cause disease, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses |
| Pathogens | Microbes which can cause disease |
| C. Diff | #1 HAI pathogen |
| UTI | #1 HAI infection from untreated catheter sites |
| Infectious Agent | The pathogenic microbe responsible for infection |
| Reservoir | Source of the agent, human, animal, soil, water, fomites |
| Exit Pathway | Secretions or body fluid, urine, feces |
| Means of Transmission | How the pathogen travels from the reservoir to the susceptible host |
| Airborne (sneeze, cough, talking) | Particles are small, can remain suspended in air for long periods of time, Tuberculosis |
| Droplet | Transfers to mucous membrane, travel no more than 10 feet |
| Vector | Carried from an animal |
| Vehicle | From infected water, food, drugs, blood |
| Entry Pathway | How agent enters host, eyes, nose |
| Susceptible hosts | have lower immunity or ability to resist infections, newborns, elderly |
| PPD testing | Is a common employee screening |
| Hep B Vaccines | For HCWs within 10 days of employment |
| Hand hygiene | Most common workplace practice to protect against pathogens |
| PPE includes | gloves, masks, goggles, fluid resistant lab coats, respirators |
| Donning (putting on) | Gown, mask, gloves |
| Doffing | Gloves, goggles, gown |
| Isolation procedures | Used to separate patients suspected of having contagious diseases |
| Protective or Reverse Isolation | Used for patients who are highly susceptible to infection |
| Universal Precaution | Blood and body fluids are considered to be potentially contaminated and must be treated as such |
| Body Substance Isolation | Any moist body substance requires the use of gloves |
| Airborne | Can be inhaled through fumes or aerosol |
| Ingestion | Smoking, eating, licking fingers |
| Non-Intact Skin | Cover sores, chapped hands, biting nails |
| Percutaneous | Needle or other sharp object |
| Permucosal | Splash or spray into mucous membrane |
| Accidental Needle Stick | Remove sharp and wash hands for at least 30 seconds with soap and running water and report |
| Mucous membrane exposure | Flush site with water for a minimum of 10 minutes and report |
| NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency) | Order of action in the event of fire (RACE) rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish |
| Class C Fires | Most common fire hazards, electrical fires, require non conducting agents |
| Radiation safety | distance, time, shielding |
| External hemorrhage | Apply direct pressure until EMS arrives |
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