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Receptor Tyrosine Ki

Uni of Notts, Signalling & Metabolic Regulation, Year 2, Topic 4

QuestionAnswer
Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) scaffolding role Autophosphorylated receptors activate IRS scaffolding proteins, which recruit SH2-domain proteins & act as regulatory subunits to propogate MAP kinase, PI3K, & cbl etc.
Metabolic feedback loop regulation Downstream signaling components inhibit upstream parts via negative feedback; unrelated pathway proteins can also cause inhibition
Obesity-induced insulin resistance mechanism Chronic low-grade inflammation from adipocytes activate intracellular stress kinases, phosphorylate critical serine residues on IRS-1, sterically hinders interaction with the insulin receptor juxtamembrane domain & disrupting metabolic signalling cascades
Core downstream insulin pathways Proliferates PI3K (metabolism/glucose uptake), MAP kinase (cell growth), & Cbl (GLUT4 translocation to cell-surface membrane) cascades
Enzyme-coupled RTK structural limits A single α-helix cannot undergo complex internal structural rotations, physical dimerization is mandatory to bring two independent cytoplasmic kinase domains close enough together to interact
RTK recruitment mechanism Most common enzyme-coupled receptor; ligand binding causes cytosolic kinase activation to phosphorylate tyrosine which recruits signalling proteins. 60 types & 20 subfamilies
Trans-autophosphorylation sequence Dimerized kinase domains cross-phosphorylate each other to activate the core, then create external docking sites
Exceptional RTK activation (EGF Receptor) Allosterically reorients the receptor to form a physical dimer interface; the activator kinase domain pushes against the receiver kinase domain's flexible loop, shifting into an active conformation without requiring initial trans-phosphorylation
RTK docking site specific recognition 3-to-5 amino acid to the C-terminal side of a phosphotyrosine creates a unique chemical landscape that matches specific hydrophobic or charged clefts within downstream binding domains
Created by: Denny12
 

 



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