Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribinucleic acid |
| what is DNA? | DNA is a long molecule consisting of two strands twisted together to form a double helix |
| What are the components of a DNA ladder? | Sides: alternating sugar and phosphate units Rungs: Pairs of nitrogen bases |
| what are the four nitrogen bases? | adenine thymine cytosine guanine |
| what is the complementary base pairing rule? | bases chemically bond with their complementary base. A+ T & C+G. The order of bases are unique to each individual |
| What is a nucleotide? | A unit of DNA made up of: phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogen bases |
| Orders of how genetic information is organised inside living cells (hint: 5) | cell - nucleus - chromosomes - gene - DNA |
| what is a cell? | The basic unit of life. all living organisms are made up of cells which curry out all functions required for life. |
| 2 examples of cell responsibility | Muscle cells helps movement nerve cells carry messages around the body |
| what is the nucleus? | The control centre of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material and directs its activities. |
| what is a chromosome? | A tightly coiled structure made of DNA, it carries genetic information |
| How many chromosome do humans have in their somatic (body) cells? | 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) |
| How many chromosomes are autosomes and how many are sex chromosomes? | 44 are autosomes, 2 are sex chromosomes |
| what are autosomes and sex chromosomes? | Chromosomes that are present in both female and males. sex chromosomes determine biological sex. |
| What is the meaning of gene? | A section of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific protein or determining a particular trait |
| what does a segment of DNA equal to? | A gene. Each gene differs in order of its bases |
| what does a set of three bases equal to? | A codon |
| each codon specifies a types of sequence of what? | amino acids |
| How many codons is needed to code for 20 different amino acids? | 64 |
| what does cells use amino acids for? | to build protein |
| what does 20 amino acids create? | thousands of different proteins |
| phenotype | characteristics or traits expressed by an organism |
| genotypes | Genetic instructions in dna inherited from parents at a particular gene locus |
| Dominant | a trait requiring only one allele for expression in heterozygote |
| Recessive | A trait only expressed in the absence of the dominant allele |
| homozygous (same) | A genotypes in which 2 alleles are identical |
| heterozygous (different) | A genotypes in which the two alleles are different |
| carrier | An individual heterozygous for a characteristic who does not display the recessive trait |
| Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an austrailian monk that used pea plant experiments to discover the three laws of inheritance. What are they | The law of segregation The law of dominance the law of independent assortment |
| allele pairs | Genes are inherited in pairs of chromosome pairs |
| The law of segregation | A pair of gene controls each trait, but only one gene from each pair is passed on to offspring. This occurs during gamete formation - an offspring inherits one alle from each parent |
| The law of dominance | Some traits are dominant - they appear if at least one dominant allele is present. recessive traits are only visible if an individual inherits two recessive alleles. |
| the law of independent assortment | alleles for different traits are passed on independently during gamete information, inheriting one trait doesn't influence the inheritance of another. |
Created by:
536629