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FINALS REVIEW ETHICS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A person or society’s standards on what is right or wrong. | Morality |
| The discipline that examines the “soundness, reasonableness, and appropriateness” of a person/society’s morality | Ethics |
| The study of the nature of Good and Evil pertains to the moral judgements. | Meta - ethics |
| Concerning practical means of determining a moral action | Normative Ethics |
| Focuses on the consequences of actions, aiming to maximize overall wellbeing or utility. | Consequentialism |
| Emphasizes moral duties and rules, regardless of the outcome, suggesting that certain actions are inherently right or wrong | Deontology |
| Determines what should do in the real world problems | Applied Ethics |
| comes from the Greek word ἦ θ ο ς (Ethos), me | Ethics |
| Specific beliefs, behaviors, and ways of being derived from | Moral |
| is a term used to describe the faculty of the mind to stimulate motivation of a purposeful activity | The will |
| We are free | freedom |
| Material perspective of freedom. One is free to do physical things. To have an ability to use, move and control your own body | Physical Freedom |
| Free to make choices. An ability to be self-aware. Can act or not act, can act in this way or in that way | Psychological Freedom |
| We are not free | determinism |
| is required to do each of two (or more) actions | The agent |
| IS A KIND OF A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN ETHICS CONCERNING ETHICAL DILEMMAS | TROLLEY PROBLEM |
| can be resolved by simply clarifying the facts of the case in the question | Ethical dilemmas |
| believe that it is not enough for a human person to do good in this world. | Christian theologians |
| was a profound philosopher and theologian of all time. He developed Aristotelian Ethics applying Christianity. | Thomas Aquinas |
| THE MORAL CODES THAT CREATED BY HUMAN | HUMAN LAW |
| TO KNOW AND DO WHAT IS RIGHT | NATURAL LAW |
| LAW THAT IS GIVEN THROUGH SACRED SCRIPTURES | DIVINE LAW |
| THE LAW OF UNIVERSE | ETERNAL LAW |
| THE CONSIDERATION OF A SPECIFIC SITUATION IN LIGHT OF MORAL’S KNOWLEDGE | CONSCIENCE |
| LACK OR ABSENCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN A PERSON CAPABLE OF KNOWING A CERTAIN THING OR THINGS. | IGNORANCE |
| THE AGENT COULD KNOW AND SHOULD KNOW CAN BE CLEARED UP IF ONE IS DILIGENT ENOUGH. | VINCIBLE IGNORANCE |
| A MENTAL AGITATION OF DISTURBANCE BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE APPREHENSION OF SOME PRESENT OR IMMINENT DANGER. | FEAR |
| STRONG TENDENCIES TOWARDS THE POSSESSION OF SOMETHING EVIL ACTIONS OF LUST OR GREED | CONCUPISCENCE |
| STRONG TENDENCIES TOWARDS THE POSSESSION OF SOMETHING GOOD ACTIONS OF JOY, INSIPIRED, MOTIVATED | PASSION |
| AN EXTERNAL FORCE APPLIED BY SOMEONE ON ANOTHER IN ORDER TO COMPEL HIM TO PERFORM AN ACTION AGAINST HIS WILL. | VIOLENCE |
| An ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure and the determination of right behavior based on the usefulness of the actions consequences | UTILITARIANISM |
| HE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY | JEREMY BENTHAM |
| Our actions are governed by two “sovereign masters”--which he calls pleasure and pain. These “masters” are given to us by nature to help us determine what is good or bad and what ought to be done and not; they fasten our choices to their throne. | JEREMY BENTHAM |
| common currency framework that calculates the pleasure that some actions can produce. | FELICIFIC CALCULUS |
| JOHN STUART MIL (ELITE UTILITARIANISM) | Critics called it as Pig Philosophy. Suggesting that Bentham’s logic would promote conspicuousness, allowing people to chase base pleasures in everyday life. |
| It refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution or responsibilities or share or rights and roles, resources and privileges | DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE |
| Refers to the infliction of punishment or penalty proportionate to the crime committed. In other words, no exemption in the merited penalty. | CRIMINAL JUSTICE |
| Refers to just compensation for transactional problems such as breaches of contract and practice based on civil law. Rectify the person who did not observe his/her word of honor. | RECTIFICATORY JUSTICE |
| Justice as the equal distribution of good and services (John Rawls). Egalitarians argued that justice means is essentially considered what is due is what is fair, equal, or perhaps fairness | EGALITARIAN |
| Justice as the lack of restraints on individual liberty believed that individual have rights, such as right to liberty, life, property which those individual are entitled to enjoy as it does not interfere into the rights of others | LIBERTARIAN |
| Eating, Drinking, Sex, etc. | Lower Pleasures |
| Intellectuality, Creativity and Spirituality | Higher Pleasures |
| Length of experience Pleasure | duration |
| How soon there will be pleasure | Propinquity |
| The pleasure will occur | Certainty |
| How soon there will be pleasure | Propinquity |
| is a field of interdisciplinary study which directly analyses being a gender and the concept of gender. | Gender Studies |
| Gender differences exist - They are fundamental reality of our biology and impact our psychology. Our maleness and femaleness is a key concept to our personhood | Existence of Differences: |
| Refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs. This refers to the physical differences between people who are male, female or intersex | Sex |
| Involves how a person identifies. Gender is not made up of binary forms but instead it is a broad spectrum. A person may identify at any point within this spectrum or outside of it. | Gender |
| The Greek word meaning "self." | Auto |
| The Greek word meaning "rule" or "law." | Nomos |
| The right of an individual to be left alone and free from interference. | Privacy |
| Permission given by a person after receiving adequate information. | Informed Consent |
| The ability to think, decide, and act freely without hindrance | Autonomy |
| Philosopher who defined autonomy as the capacity to think, decide, and act freely and independently. | Gillon |
| Philosopher who believed people naturally pursue their own interests. | Thomas Hobbes |
| The condition in which people exist before the establishment of government. | State of Nature |
| Philosopher who viewed the State of Nature as a state of perfect liberty. | John Locke |
| Author of Animal Liberation | Peter Singer |
| Philosopher associated with the Capabilities Approach. | Martha Nussbaum |
| One intrinsic end pursued by the Capabilities Approach | Justice |
| The philosopher associated with the concept of speciesism. | Peter Singer |
| Gender, on the other hand, has socially constructed set of roles and responsibilities associated with being girl and boy or women and men, and in some cultures a third or other gender. | Social Construction |
| Not followed by sensations | Purity |
| Numbers of person affected in pleasure | Extent |
| Followed by sensations | Fecundity |
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