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Psychology Revision
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 lobes of the brain? | Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal (F-POTS) |
| What is the frontal lobe responsible for? | Voluntary movement, attention, personality, emotions, and speech production. |
| What is the primary motor cortex? | The area in the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary body movement. |
| What is Broca's area? | An area in the frontal lobe responsible for fluent speech and grammar. |
| What is the parietal lobe responsible for? | Processing touch, temperature, pain, and body position. |
| What is the primary somatosensory cortex? | Receives sensory information from the skin and body. |
| What is the occipital lobe responsible for? | Vision, colour, shape, and motion perception. |
| What is the primary visual cortex? | The area that receives visual information from the eyes. |
| What is the temporal lobe responsible for? | Hearing, memory, language comprehension, and face recognition. |
| What is Wernicke's area? | The area responsible for understanding speech. |
| What is the cerebellum responsible for? | Coordination, balance, and smooth movement. |
| What is the brain stem responsible for? | Breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, swallowing, and other vital functions. |
| What is a neuron? | A nerve cell that transmits information throughout the body. |
| What is the soma (cell body)? | Contains the nucleus and determines whether the neuron will activated. |
| What are dendrites? | Branches that receive information from other neurons. |
| What is an axon? | A long fibre that carries information away from the soma. |
| What is the myelin sheath? | A fatty covering that insulates the axon and speeds up transmission. |
| What is the axon terminal? | The end of the axon that releases neurotransmitters. |
| What is a synapse? | The junction where communication occurs between neurons. |
| What is the synaptic gap? | The tiny space between two neurons. |
| What are sensory neurons? | Neurons that carry information from sense organs and the body to the CNS. |
| What are motor neurons? | Neurons that carry information from the CNS to muscles, glands, and organs. |
| What are interneurons? | Neurons in the CNS that connect sensory and motor neurons and process information. |
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? | Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). |
| What makes up the CNS? | Brain and spinal cord. |
| What makes up the PNS? | All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| What are the two subdivisions of the PNS? | Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). |
| What does the Somatic Nervous System do? | Controls voluntary movement and carries sensory information. |
| What does the Autonomic Nervous System do? | Regulates internal organs and glands. |
| What are the two divisions of the ANS? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems. |
| What does the sympathetic nervous system do? | Activates the fight-or-flight response. |
| What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? | Calms the body and restores homeostasis. |
| What is homeostasis? | Maintaining a stable internal environment. |
| What is a spinal reflex? | An automatic response controlled by the spinal cord without involving the brain. |
| What is a neurotransmitter? | A chemical messenger that allows neurons to communicate. |
| What does acetylcholine do? | Controls skeletal and smooth muscle movement. |
| What disease is linked to low acetylcholine levels? | Alzheimer's disease. |
| What does norepinephrine do? | Controls arousal, wakefulness, learning, and fight-or-flight responses. |
| What does dopamine do? | Regulates pleasure, reward, and emotion. |
| What disease is linked to low dopamine levels? | Parkinson's disease. |
| What does serotonin do? | Regulates mood, sleep, aggression, and impulsiveness. |
| What do endorphins do? | Relieve pain and create feelings of euphoria. |
| What is mental health? | A state of wellbeing where a person can cope with life, work productively, and contribute to society. |
| What is anxiety? | Excessive worry, fear, or anxiety beyond a person's control. |
| What is depression? | An extended period of negative thoughts, emotions, behaviours, and functioning. |
| What is the biopsychosocial model? | The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in mental illness. |
| What is CBT? | Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; a treatment that changes negative thoughts and behaviours. |
| What are SSRIs? | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors that increase serotonin availability. |
| How do SSRIs work? | They block serotonin reuptake. |
| What is the most effective treatment approach for anxiety and depression? | A combination of medication and CBT. |
| What does an EEG measure? | Electrical brainwave activity. |
| What is a limitation of EEG? | It cannot show the exact brain area responsible for an activity. |
| What does a CAT scan show? | Brain structure and damage using X-rays. |
| What is a limitation of CAT scans? | They provide little information about brain activity. |
| What does a PET scan show? | Brain function and activity during tasks. |
| What is a limitation of PET scans? | Requires a small radioactive substance and has lower image quality. |
| What does an MRI show? | Detailed brain structures. |
| What is a limitation of MRI? | Cannot show brain activity. |
| What does an fMRI show? | Brain activity by measuring blood flow and oxygen use. |
| What is an advantage of fMRI? | Shows both brain structure and function. |
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