Question 1

Louisiana Purchase:

Accepted Answer

800,000 sq. mile territory purchased from Napoleon under the Jefferson presidency

Question 2

Lewis & Clark:

Accepted Answer

explored the above territory; water route to the Pacific Ocean?

Question 3

Sacajewa:

Accepted Answer

served as an interpreter to the Indians in the above expedition

Question 4

Battle of New Orleans:

Accepted Answer

1815

Question 5

secede:

Accepted Answer

term used to refer to the decision of a state or states to leave the Union

Question 6

Seminole:

Accepted Answer

Florida Indian tribe, only tribe never to surrender to the US

Question 7

Industrial Revolution:

Accepted Answer

term used to refer to a peaceful revolution involving significant advances in technology that 
probably hasn’t ceased since it began in 18th century England

Question 8

John Carroll:

Accepted Answer

The first Catholic Bishop in the US

Question 9

Charles Carroll:

Accepted Answer

Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence

Question 10

Elizabeth Anne Seton:

Accepted Answer

convert, saint, foundress of the first American religious order

Question 11

Missouri Compromise:

Accepted Answer

Imaginary line established across the continent, roughly equal with the southern border of 
Missouri. Regarding the addition of future states, slavery could exist below the line, but not above.

Question 12

War of 1812, Three Causes:

Accepted Answer

Impressment
Britain inciting Indian attacks
Britain still occupying forts on US soil

Question 13

Terms of the Treaty of Ghent:

Accepted Answer

British abandon forts
US recognizes Canada as British territory
End Atlantic slave trade (both sides)

Question 14

Electoral Process:

Accepted Answer

Electors each state, pledged to a candidate in each of the parties, whose numbers are based on the population of the state. Once state have cast their votes (popular vote), the name of the victor in that election is communicated to the capital

Question 15

Electoral Process Part 2

Accepted Answer

electors pledged to that candidate cast their votes (electoral vote). majority of electoral votes wins the election. Some states carry more electoral votes than others. For example, California carries 54 votes, while Wisconsin only carries 10.

Question 16

Junipero Serra:

Accepted Answer

What Catholic Saint worked tirelessly to establish missions in Spanish territories in 
America?

Question 17

Antonio López de Santa Anna:

Accepted Answer

competent president of Mexico would prove a formidable adversary to the US in the 
early-mid nineteenth century

Question 18

Slavery in Mexico:

Accepted Answer

Mexico was completely free of slavery

Question 19

Republic of Texas:

Accepted Answer

Americans settled in Mexican territory, Texas, in great numbers and called themselves 
“Texians.” Threats from Mexico emboldened them and they declared themselves a Republic.

Question 20

The Alamo:

Accepted Answer

A Mission in San Antonio, Texas that became the site of a bloody confrontation between 
Santa Anna’s Mexican forces and a few hundred Texians and volunteers including Jim Bowie 
and Davy Crockett in 1836. The Mexicans won in a crushing defeat.

Question 21

Sam Houston:

Accepted Answer

Acknowledged the Republic of Texas’ inability to fend off another attack by Mexico and 
invited the US to declare Texas a state, thereby drawing the US army into the conflict and securing the defense of Texas.

Question 22

San Patricios:

Accepted Answer

Irish immigrants to America that were poorly treated. Many were former US soldiers who 
were also poorly treated in their military units. They felt a kinship with Catholic Mexico and went over to that side when war broke out between the US and Mexico.

Question 23

Rio Grande River:

Accepted Answer

Where was the disputed southern border of Texas set?

Question 24

Manifest Destiny:

Accepted Answer

19th-century American ideology that held that the United States was divinely ordained to 
expand its democratic institutions and territory across the North American continent

Question 25

Sutter’s Mill:

Accepted Answer

California location of Jim Marshall’s discovery of gold that led to the gold rush. In 1849, huge 
numbers of prospectors flooded in called “49’ers.”

Question 26

⅗ Clause:

Accepted Answer

⅗ of the total number of slaves in a given state would be added to the total population in determining the number of representatives that state would have in the House of 
Representatives.

Question 27

3/5 Clause Continued

Accepted Answer

The number of representatives is based on population (roughly one person for every 760,000 citizens).

Question 28

Southern economy:

Accepted Answer

Difficult to let go of slavery as their economy was heavily reliant upon it. Financial ruin 
would likely result if slavery were to be eradicated

Question 29

Underground Railroad:

Accepted Answer

A network of abolitionists stretching from the southern states all the way into Canada that 
assisted escaped slaves to find safe refuge and freedom.

Question 30

Tocqueville, Northern Issues:

Accepted Answer

Terrible abuses of workers: five-year-olds working machines in 14-hour days, safety 
not a concern, low wages, whole families working for meagre pay; racism is worse in 
the North

Question 31

Northern Slave States:

Accepted Answer

Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky and West Virginia

Question 32

Dred Scott Case:

Accepted Answer

Supreme Court decision, stated that slaves were not U.S. citizens and that Congress couldn't 
ban slavery in federal territories. A slave being taken by its owner to a free state or territory 
was still a slave.

Question 33

abolitionists:

Accepted Answer

anti-slavery activists

Question 34

Lincoln’s 1860 Presidential campaign:

Accepted Answer

Favored the containment of slavery in states where it already existed

Question 35

Washington & Jefferson on Slavery

Accepted Answer

Washington and Jefferson were opposed to slavery, although they owned slaves themselves. They were known to have treated their slaves well. They hoped that slavery would come to an end in our nation.

Question 36

Washington & Jefferson on Slavery part 2

Accepted Answer

Jefferson said it was like a snake coiled up in the corner of a room. He also said he “feared a just God.” Washington’s slaves didn’t want to leave once given their freedom.

Question 37

Dangers that facing settlers traveling west

Accepted Answer

Extreme weather conditions
Indians
Difficult terrain
Dangerous animals

Question 38

April 12, 1861:

Accepted Answer

date, generally understood to be the beginning of the Civil War

Question 39

Stonewall Jackson:

Accepted Answer

Confederate General received his nickname from his firm stance at the Battle of Manassas at the start of the Civil War

Question 40

650,000:

Accepted Answer

approximate death toll on both the Confederate and Union sides at war’s end

Question 41

April 9, 1865:

Accepted Answer

date of the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

Question 42

Carpetbaggers:

Accepted Answer

term used to refer to opportunists seeking to take advantage of 
Southern degradation to make a profit

Question 43

Black codes:

Accepted Answer

nickname for laws advanced in the South aimed at circumventing the 
above amendments

Question 44

Transcontinental RR:

Accepted Answer

term used to describe the transportation route completed in 1869 at 
Promontory Point, Utah, joining the coasts of the United States.

Question 45

Andrew Carnegie:

Accepted Answer

entrepreneur with humble Scottish background, founded a steel 
producing company that made him one of the wealthiest men in the 
world

Question 46

John D. Rockefeller:

Accepted Answer

entrepreneur, entered the oil business, brought Standard Oil into 
drilling, refining and delivering their product

Question 47

Monopoly:

Accepted Answer

term used to describe the circumstance in which a single company 
holds the sole production and sale of a product.

Question 48

Emancipation Proclamation:

Accepted Answer

Freed slaves in states not occupied by Union forces

Question 49

Sherman’s March to the Sea:

Accepted Answer

March led by Union General Tecumseh Sherman Atlanta to Savannah in which her pursued a scorched earth policy

Question 50

What were the effects of Sherman's March to the Sea?

Accepted Answer

destroyed miles of railway, burned factories and cotton gins, and seized massive amounts of livestock and food to cripple the South's capacity to wage war

Question 51

John Wilkes Booth:

Accepted Answer

Snuck into the Presidential box at a performance of “Our American  Cousin,” firing a pistol at 
point blank range and inflicting a wound that killed president Lincoln.

Question 52

What happened to John Wilkes Booth after killing Lincoln?

Accepted Answer

Booth was on the run for 12 days before federal troops caught up with him. Booth did not survive the gunshot wound that accompanied his discovery in a barn.

Question 53

Ku Klux Klan:

Accepted Answer

Fiercely racist organization led by ex-confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest aimed at striking 
out against free blacks. Members wore hoods and gowns, burned crosses and committed acts of terror against blacks and their families

Question 54

Robert E Lee:

Accepted Answer

Most qualified of all US generals, declined Lincoln’s offer to lead Union troops against the Confederate States.

Question 55

WHy did Robert E Lee turn down Lincoln's offer?

Accepted Answer

knew the appointment would entail firing against his fellow 
Virginians at a time in US history in which many considered “state first and nation second.” The 
decision didn’t come easy, as Lee was against slavery and did not favor secession, either.

Question 56

Confederate weaknesses:

Accepted Answer

1) They couldn’t replenish their fallen troops 2) They lacked the industrialization 
necessary to supply their troops 3) Loss of strong military leadership, like Stonewall Jackson

Question 57

Gettysburg:

Accepted Answer

Confederate attempt to draw Union forces out of the south and into a defensive posture with an 
open threat imposed on northern territory in Pennsylvania

Question 58

Pickett’s Charge:

Accepted Answer

On the final day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee plans to gain victory through a bold infantry charge prefaced by a massive, sustained artillery barrage against a heavily fortified Union line.

Question 59

Pickett's Charge Part 2

Accepted Answer

The confederate artillery did very little damage, as it fired mostly beyond the line of men. When Confederate General George Pickett ordered the advance of his division, they marched nearly a mile, straight into fierce enemy fire.

Question 60

Pickett's Charge Part 3

Accepted Answer

When confederate forces failed to penetrate the enemy lines, Lee ordered Pickett to reroute and attack again. Pickett famously responded, “sir, I have no division.”

Question 61

Reconstruction:

Accepted Answer

Lincoln favored a gentle means of bringing the south back into the good graces of the Union. 
The Radical Republicans favored more harsh methods, ultimately holding them accountable 
for the destruction that resulted from the war.

Question 62

Imperialism:

Accepted Answer

extending a nation's power and influence over foreign territories or countries

Question 63

USS Maine:

Accepted Answer

Sent to the harbor at Havanna, Cuba, to help protect US sugar planters in the region. It was “mysteriously” blown up, killing 268 sailors. The US took it as an act of Spanish aggression toward the United States and declared war against Spain.

Question 64

USS Maine Part 2

Accepted Answer

While freeing the Cubans from Spanish, the decisive US victory advanced the reputation of the United States as a major world power and led to our acquisition of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

Question	Answer
Louisiana Purchase:	800,000 sq. mile territory purchased from Napoleon under the Jefferson presidency
Lewis & Clark:	explored the above territory; water route to the Pacific Ocean?
Sacajewa:	served as an interpreter to the Indians in the above expedition
Battle of New Orleans:	1815
secede:	term used to refer to the decision of a state or states to leave the Union
Seminole:	Florida Indian tribe, only tribe never to surrender to the US
Industrial Revolution:	term used to refer to a peaceful revolution involving significant advances in technology that probably hasn’t ceased since it began in 18th century England
John Carroll:	The first Catholic Bishop in the US
Charles Carroll:	Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence
Elizabeth Anne Seton:	convert, saint, foundress of the first American religious order
Missouri Compromise:	Imaginary line established across the continent, roughly equal with the southern border of Missouri. Regarding the addition of future states, slavery could exist below the line, but not above.
War of 1812, Three Causes:	Impressment Britain inciting Indian attacks Britain still occupying forts on US soil
Terms of the Treaty of Ghent:	British abandon forts US recognizes Canada as British territory End Atlantic slave trade (both sides)
Electoral Process:	Electors each state, pledged to a candidate in each of the parties, whose numbers are based on the population of the state. Once state have cast their votes (popular vote), the name of the victor in that election is communicated to the capital
Electoral Process Part 2	electors pledged to that candidate cast their votes (electoral vote). majority of electoral votes wins the election. Some states carry more electoral votes than others. For example, California carries 54 votes, while Wisconsin only carries 10.
Junipero Serra:	What Catholic Saint worked tirelessly to establish missions in Spanish territories in America?
Antonio López de Santa Anna:	competent president of Mexico would prove a formidable adversary to the US in the early-mid nineteenth century
Slavery in Mexico:	Mexico was completely free of slavery
Republic of Texas:	Americans settled in Mexican territory, Texas, in great numbers and called themselves “Texians.” Threats from Mexico emboldened them and they declared themselves a Republic.
The Alamo:	A Mission in San Antonio, Texas that became the site of a bloody confrontation between Santa Anna’s Mexican forces and a few hundred Texians and volunteers including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett in 1836. The Mexicans won in a crushing defeat.
Sam Houston:	Acknowledged the Republic of Texas’ inability to fend off another attack by Mexico and invited the US to declare Texas a state, thereby drawing the US army into the conflict and securing the defense of Texas.
San Patricios:	Irish immigrants to America that were poorly treated. Many were former US soldiers who were also poorly treated in their military units. They felt a kinship with Catholic Mexico and went over to that side when war broke out between the US and Mexico.
Rio Grande River:	Where was the disputed southern border of Texas set?
Manifest Destiny:	19th-century American ideology that held that the United States was divinely ordained to expand its democratic institutions and territory across the North American continent
Sutter’s Mill:	California location of Jim Marshall’s discovery of gold that led to the gold rush. In 1849, huge numbers of prospectors flooded in called “49’ers.”
⅗ Clause:	⅗ of the total number of slaves in a given state would be added to the total population in determining the number of representatives that state would have in the House of Representatives.
3/5 Clause Continued	The number of representatives is based on population (roughly one person for every 760,000 citizens).
Southern economy:	Difficult to let go of slavery as their economy was heavily reliant upon it. Financial ruin would likely result if slavery were to be eradicated
Underground Railroad:	A network of abolitionists stretching from the southern states all the way into Canada that assisted escaped slaves to find safe refuge and freedom.
Tocqueville, Northern Issues:	Terrible abuses of workers: five-year-olds working machines in 14-hour days, safety not a concern, low wages, whole families working for meagre pay; racism is worse in the North
Northern Slave States:	Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky and West Virginia
Dred Scott Case:	Supreme Court decision, stated that slaves were not U.S. citizens and that Congress couldn't ban slavery in federal territories. A slave being taken by its owner to a free state or territory was still a slave.
abolitionists:	anti-slavery activists
Lincoln’s 1860 Presidential campaign:	Favored the containment of slavery in states where it already existed
Washington & Jefferson on Slavery	Washington and Jefferson were opposed to slavery, although they owned slaves themselves. They were known to have treated their slaves well. They hoped that slavery would come to an end in our nation.
Washington & Jefferson on Slavery part 2	Jefferson said it was like a snake coiled up in the corner of a room. He also said he “feared a just God.” Washington’s slaves didn’t want to leave once given their freedom.
Dangers that facing settlers traveling west	Extreme weather conditions Indians Difficult terrain Dangerous animals
April 12, 1861:	date, generally understood to be the beginning of the Civil War
Stonewall Jackson:	Confederate General received his nickname from his firm stance at the Battle of Manassas at the start of the Civil War
650,000:	approximate death toll on both the Confederate and Union sides at war’s end
April 9, 1865:	date of the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
Carpetbaggers:	term used to refer to opportunists seeking to take advantage of Southern degradation to make a profit
Black codes:	nickname for laws advanced in the South aimed at circumventing the above amendments
Transcontinental RR:	term used to describe the transportation route completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah, joining the coasts of the United States.
Andrew Carnegie:	entrepreneur with humble Scottish background, founded a steel producing company that made him one of the wealthiest men in the world
John D. Rockefeller:	entrepreneur, entered the oil business, brought Standard Oil into drilling, refining and delivering their product
Monopoly:	term used to describe the circumstance in which a single company holds the sole production and sale of a product.
Emancipation Proclamation:	Freed slaves in states not occupied by Union forces
Sherman’s March to the Sea:	March led by Union General Tecumseh Sherman Atlanta to Savannah in which her pursued a scorched earth policy
What were the effects of Sherman's March to the Sea?	destroyed miles of railway, burned factories and cotton gins, and seized massive amounts of livestock and food to cripple the South's capacity to wage war
John Wilkes Booth:	Snuck into the Presidential box at a performance of “Our American Cousin,” firing a pistol at point blank range and inflicting a wound that killed president Lincoln.
What happened to John Wilkes Booth after killing Lincoln?	Booth was on the run for 12 days before federal troops caught up with him. Booth did not survive the gunshot wound that accompanied his discovery in a barn.
Ku Klux Klan:	Fiercely racist organization led by ex-confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest aimed at striking out against free blacks. Members wore hoods and gowns, burned crosses and committed acts of terror against blacks and their families
Robert E Lee:	Most qualified of all US generals, declined Lincoln’s offer to lead Union troops against the Confederate States.
WHy did Robert E Lee turn down Lincoln's offer?	knew the appointment would entail firing against his fellow Virginians at a time in US history in which many considered “state first and nation second.” The decision didn’t come easy, as Lee was against slavery and did not favor secession, either.
Confederate weaknesses:	1) They couldn’t replenish their fallen troops 2) They lacked the industrialization necessary to supply their troops 3) Loss of strong military leadership, like Stonewall Jackson
Gettysburg:	Confederate attempt to draw Union forces out of the south and into a defensive posture with an open threat imposed on northern territory in Pennsylvania
Pickett’s Charge:	On the final day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee plans to gain victory through a bold infantry charge prefaced by a massive, sustained artillery barrage against a heavily fortified Union line.
Pickett's Charge Part 2	The confederate artillery did very little damage, as it fired mostly beyond the line of men. When Confederate General George Pickett ordered the advance of his division, they marched nearly a mile, straight into fierce enemy fire.
Pickett's Charge Part 3	When confederate forces failed to penetrate the enemy lines, Lee ordered Pickett to reroute and attack again. Pickett famously responded, “sir, I have no division.”
Reconstruction:	Lincoln favored a gentle means of bringing the south back into the good graces of the Union. The Radical Republicans favored more harsh methods, ultimately holding them accountable for the destruction that resulted from the war.
Imperialism:	extending a nation's power and influence over foreign territories or countries
Annexation:
USS Maine:	Sent to the harbor at Havanna, Cuba, to help protect US sugar planters in the region. It was “mysteriously” blown up, killing 268 sailors. The US took it as an act of Spanish aggression toward the United States and declared war against Spain.
USS Maine Part 2	While freeing the Cubans from Spanish, the decisive US victory advanced the reputation of the United States as a major world power and led to our acquisition of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
USS Maine Part 3	More recent research and excavation of the wreckage seems to suggest that the Maine was not blown up by the Spanish after all, but by an internal explosion due to equipment malfunction.
Progressive Movement:	Several causes championed by the Progressive Movement were women’s suffrage, fair wages, improved working conditions, sanitary food production
Disruptive Technology:	Technological advancements that dramatically change civilization as we know it: the printing press, electricity, automobiles, tele-communication, the internet
Union:	Organization of workers aimed at improving working conditions for fellow employees using strikes and protests to gain the attention and sympathy of managers and owners
Panama Canal:	Roosevelt backed Panama in a conflict that arose with Columbia, opening the door to gain control of the narrow on the Isthmus of Panama for the construction of the Panama Canal,
What did the Panama Canal provide?	providing an opening for ships headed east and west, circumventing the need to travel all the way around South America
World War I Cause:	Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Serbia on a national holiday, against the warnings of his adjutants. He and his wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Yugoslav nationalist. The Austria-Hungarian response was intense.
WW I Cause Continued	Serbia agreed to provisions, war was declared, a geo-political crisis that resulted in war. Russia pledged support to Serbia: Russia entered the war. Germany, aggressive toward France, joined the war on the side of Austria-Hungary (The Central Powers).
WWI Cause Continued	When Germany advanced into France through Belgium, England joined the war against the Central Powers. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers against Russia.
WWI Technology:	No side was really prepared foremerging new technologies. machine guns, gas, tanks, hand-held explosives, airplanes, barbed wire and trench warfare appeared on the scene. old ways abandoned
US Involvement in WWI:	Zimmerman Telegram (German invitation for Mexico to attack the US); sinking of the passenger ships Lusitania, and Sussex, both had US civilians on board
April 6, 1917:	US declaration of war on Germany
Versailles Treaty:	Fatal decision to punish Germany leads to economic ruin and increasing bitterness among the German people, eventually, even those that had nothing to do with the war at all, setting the stage for the rise of dictator, Adolf Hitler
Normandy Invasion:	(D-Day) The largest amphibious assault in world history; turned the tide against Germany, bringing about the eventual end of WWII
Charles Lindbergh:	In his “Spirit of Saint Louis,” this famous flyer “propelled” aviation forward by becoming the first pilot to cross the Atlantic.
1929:	Year in which the Depression began
Manhattan Project:	Name given the top secret operation in the desert of New Mexico to develop an atomic weapon (“the gadget”) capable of mass destruction.
Prohibition:	The passage of the 18th Amendment, making the sale and manufacture of alcohol illegal, ushered in a new era known as ___.
Dec. 7, 1941:	date the Japanese launched their surprise attack on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor.
Amelia Earhart:	First woman to fly across the Atlantic; mysteriously disappeared during an attempt to circle the globe.
Dust Bowl:	name given the devastating droughts that crippled the plains states, contributing to the outbreak of the Great Depression
Mein Kamp:	After a failed coup, Hitler was imprisoned and began writing this infamous hate book in which he outlined his plan for the final solution.
New Deal:	name given Roosevelt’s failed attempt to end the Great Depression
Robert Oppenheimer:	Nuclear physicist in charge of the Manhattan Project
Automobile Innovations:	Interchangeable parts and assembly lines
Great Depression:	Feeling of optimism in post-WWI America was very high, people took out large loans to buy homes and businesses, many speculated beyond their means in the stock market. The dust bowl destroyed the livelihood of farmers.
Great Depression Part 2	They couldn’t pay back loans and lost their homes and farms, businesses began to fail, banks couldn’t support the loans, unemployment sky-rocketed, the stock market crashed.
Hitler’s rise to power:	A greatly demoralized and economically distressed Germany finds relief in the words of WWI veteran, Adolf Hitler. He organized a political coup that failed. wrote Mein Kampf laid out his plans for: a German Empire, or Third Reich.
Hitler’s rise to power: pART 2	advanced his theory that historic Germany’s problems were due in large part to the Jews and set plans for a final solution: the extermination of Jews and all historic opposition to Germany. asserted the need to advance the superiority of the Arian race.
Japanese Soldiers:	Did not adhere to any established conventions of warfare. They were merciless, vicious combatants who believed their emperor was a god. Any lack of mercy was seen as a betrayal. Religious fervor translated into brutality.
Japanese Soldiers Part 2	Surrender was also seen as a betrayal of their god and was not an option. To die in the act of killing the enemy was seen as a great honor.
Atomic Bomb:	Decision made to drop atomic bomb on major Japanese city. The cost of the war in American lives was already formidable. The Japanese were not inclined to surrender, in spite of devastating fire bombing of Tokyo (Over 300,000 dead).
Atomic Bomb Continued	Every citizen was called upon to take up arms, essentially all were now combatants. US estimated up to a million US casualties would be incurred in a land invasion of Japan. Bombs were dropped on two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, surrender
Baby Boomers:	nickname given to the seventy-six million children born after WWII between the years 1946-1964.
Cold War:	term given the “war” that existed between the US and the Soviet Union as each side escalated arms with the realization that actual violence between the countries could lead to devastating nuclear war.
NATO:	Union of democratic countries opposed to Communist Russia.
1950-1953:	Years of the Korean War
Joe McCarthy:	Wisconsin Senator that spearheaded the investigation of high-profile Americans under suspicion of being sympathetic to the communist ideology
Archbishop Fulton Sheen:	Archbishop Fulton Sheen:
Sherman’s March to the Sea:	March led by Union General Tecumseh Sherman Atlanta to Savannah in which her pursued a scorched earth policy
What were the effects of Sherman's March to the Sea?	destroyed miles of railway, burned factories and cotton gins, and seized massive amounts of livestock and food to cripple the South's capacity to wage war
John Wilkes Booth:	Snuck into the Presidential box at a performance of “Our American Cousin,” firing a pistol at point blank range and inflicting a wound that killed president Lincoln.
What happened to John Wilkes Booth after killing Lincoln?	Booth was on the run for 12 days before federal troops caught up with him. Booth did not survive the gunshot wound that accompanied his discovery in a barn.
Ku Klux Klan:	Fiercely racist organization led by ex-confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest aimed at striking out against free blacks. Members wore hoods and gowns, burned crosses and committed acts of terror against blacks and their families
Robert E Lee:	Most qualified of all US generals, declined Lincoln’s offer to lead Union troops against the Confederate States.
WHy did Robert E Lee turn down Lincoln's offer?	knew the appointment would entail firing against his fellow Virginians at a time in US history in which many considered “state first and nation second.” The decision didn’t come easy, as Lee was against slavery and did not favor secession, either.
Confederate weaknesses:	1) They couldn’t replenish their fallen troops 2) They lacked the industrialization necessary to supply their troops 3) Loss of strong military leadership, like Stonewall Jackson
Gettysburg:	Confederate attempt to draw Union forces out of the south and into a defensive posture with an open threat imposed on northern territory in Pennsylvania
Pickett’s Charge:	On the final day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee plans to gain victory through a bold infantry charge prefaced by a massive, sustained artillery barrage against a heavily fortified Union line.
Pickett's Charge Part 2	The confederate artillery did very little damage, as it fired mostly beyond the line of men. When Confederate General George Pickett ordered the advance of his division, they marched nearly a mile, straight into fierce enemy fire.
Pickett's Charge Part 3	When confederate forces failed to penetrate the enemy lines, Lee ordered Pickett to reroute and attack again. Pickett famously responded, “sir, I have no division.”
Reconstruction:	Lincoln favored a gentle means of bringing the south back into the good graces of the Union. The Radical Republicans favored more harsh methods, ultimately holding them accountable for the destruction that resulted from the war.
Imperialism:	extending a nation's power and influence over foreign territories or countries
Annexation:
USS Maine:	Sent to the harbor at Havanna, Cuba, to help protect US sugar planters in the region. It was “mysteriously” blown up, killing 268 sailors. The US took it as an act of Spanish aggression toward the United States and declared war against Spain.
USS Maine Part 2	While freeing the Cubans from Spanish, the decisive US victory advanced the reputation of the United States as a major world power and led to our acquisition of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
USS Maine Part 3	More recent research and excavation of the wreckage seems to suggest that the Maine was not blown up by the Spanish after all, but by an internal explosion due to equipment malfunction.
Progressive Movement:	Several causes championed by the Progressive Movement were women’s suffrage, fair wages, improved working conditions, sanitary food production
Disruptive Technology:	Technological advancements that dramatically change civilization as we know it: the printing press, electricity, automobiles, tele-communication, the internet
Union:	Organization of workers aimed at improving working conditions for fellow employees using strikes and protests to gain the attention and sympathy of managers and owners
Panama Canal:	Roosevelt backed Panama in a conflict that arose with Columbia, opening the door to gain control of the narrow on the Isthmus of Panama for the construction of the Panama Canal,
What did the Panama Canal provide?	providing an opening for ships headed east and west, circumventing the need to travel all the way around South America
World War I Cause:	Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Serbia on a national holiday, against the warnings of his adjutants. He and his wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Yugoslav nationalist. The Austria-Hungarian response was intense.
WW I Cause Continued	Serbia agreed to provisions, war was declared, a geo-political crisis that resulted in war. Russia pledged support to Serbia: Russia entered the war. Germany, aggressive toward France, joined the war on the side of Austria-Hungary (The Central Powers).
WWI Cause Continued	When Germany advanced into France through Belgium, England joined the war against the Central Powers. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers against Russia.
WWI Technology:	No side was really prepared foremerging new technologies. machine guns, gas, tanks, hand-held explosives, airplanes, barbed wire and trench warfare appeared on the scene. old ways abandoned
US Involvement in WWI:	Zimmerman Telegram (German invitation for Mexico to attack the US); sinking of the passenger ships Lusitania, and Sussex, both had US civilians on board
April 6, 1917:	US declaration of war on Germany
Versailles Treaty:	Fatal decision to punish Germany leads to economic ruin and increasing bitterness among the German people, eventually, even those that had nothing to do with the war at all, setting the stage for the rise of dictator, Adolf Hitler
Normandy Invasion:	(D-Day) The largest amphibious assault in world history; turned the tide against Germany, bringing about the eventual end of WWII
Charles Lindbergh:	In his “Spirit of Saint Louis,” this famous flyer “propelled” aviation forward by becoming the first pilot to cross the Atlantic.
1929:	Year in which the Depression began
Manhattan Project:	Name given the top secret operation in the desert of New Mexico to develop an atomic weapon (“the gadget”) capable of mass destruction.
Prohibition:	The passage of the 18th Amendment, making the sale and manufacture of alcohol illegal, ushered in a new era known as ___.
Dec. 7, 1941:	date the Japanese launched their surprise attack on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor.
Amelia Earhart:	First woman to fly across the Atlantic; mysteriously disappeared during an attempt to circle the globe.
Dust Bowl:	name given the devastating droughts that crippled the plains states, contributing to the outbreak of the Great Depression
Mein Kamp:	After a failed coup, Hitler was imprisoned and began writing this infamous hate book in which he outlined his plan for the final solution.
New Deal:	name given Roosevelt’s failed attempt to end the Great Depression
Robert Oppenheimer:	Nuclear physicist in charge of the Manhattan Project
Automobile Innovations:	Interchangeable parts and assembly lines
Great Depression:	Feeling of optimism in post-WWI America was very high, people took out large loans to buy homes and businesses, many speculated beyond their means in the stock market. The dust bowl destroyed the livelihood of farmers.
Great Depression Part 2	They couldn’t pay back loans and lost their homes and farms, businesses began to fail, banks couldn’t support the loans, unemployment sky-rocketed, the stock market crashed.
Hitler’s rise to power:	A greatly demoralized and economically distressed Germany finds relief in the words of WWI veteran, Adolf Hitler. He organized a political coup that failed. wrote Mein Kampf laid out his plans for: a German Empire, or Third Reich.
Hitler’s rise to power: pART 2	advanced his theory that historic Germany’s problems were due in large part to the Jews and set plans for a final solution: the extermination of Jews and all historic opposition to Germany. asserted the need to advance the superiority of the Arian race.
Japanese Soldiers:	Did not adhere to any established conventions of warfare. They were merciless, vicious combatants who believed their emperor was a god. Any lack of mercy was seen as a betrayal. Religious fervor translated into brutality.
Japanese Soldiers Part 2	Surrender was also seen as a betrayal of their god and was not an option. To die in the act of killing the enemy was seen as a great honor.
Atomic Bomb:	Decision made to drop atomic bomb on major Japanese city. The cost of the war in American lives was already formidable. The Japanese were not inclined to surrender, in spite of devastating fire bombing of Tokyo (Over 300,000 dead).
Atomic Bomb Continued	Every citizen was called upon to take up arms, essentially all were now combatants. US estimated up to a million US casualties would be incurred in a land invasion of Japan. Bombs were dropped on two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, surrender
Baby Boomers:	nickname given to the seventy-six million children born after WWII between the years 1946-1964.
Cold War:	term given the “war” that existed between the US and the Soviet Union as each side escalated arms with the realization that actual violence between the countries could lead to devastating nuclear war.
NATO:	Union of democratic countries opposed to Communist Russia.
1950-1953:	Years of the Korean War
Joe McCarthy:	Wisconsin Senator that spearheaded the investigation of high-profile Americans under suspicion of being sympathetic to the communist ideology
Archbishop Fulton Sheen:	Hosted one of the top television programs nationwide in the 1950s: Life is Worth Living
1961-1963:	Year John F. Kennedy was elected president
Sputnik:	1st satellite into space, launched by the Soviet Union
Nov. 22, 1963:	Kennedy assassination in Dallas, Texas
Lee Harvey Oswald:	Kennedy’s assassin
Martin Luther King:	Baptist minister, leading civil rights activist
Civil Rights Act:	that outlawed all forms of discrimination based on race, gender or nation of origin
Roe v. Wade:	Supreme Court decision, opens the door to abortion, nation-wide
1965-1973:	years encompassing the Vietnam War
Jimmy Carter:	peanut farmer, Democrat elected to the presidency in 1976
Cuban Missile Crisis:	Successful revolution in Cuba places communist, Fidel Castro in power. In 1962, with support from the Soviet Union, construction of missile silos began on the island, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida.
Cuban Continued	Kennedy orders a naval blockade, preventing Soviet ships from delivering material. After a tense, Cold War stand off, Soviet Premier, Kruschev, orders the ships to return home. Kruschev mysteriously disappeared shortly after the incident, with speculation
Watergate Scandal:	Republican operatives are caught in Democratic National Headquarters rifling through files. It is discovered that President Nixon was aware of the operation. As articles of impeachment are being assembled and Nixon faces trial, a request for damning and
War in Korea/War in Vietnam:	Although separated by a decade, both wars involved the threat of communism spreading from the northern part of the peninsula to the south. In both conflicts, opposition forces were sent to stop the spread of communism. The Korean War technically nev
Ronald Reagan:	Actor, Governor, President; gifted speaker
Challenger Tragedy:	Challenger space shuttle exploded, killing all aboard
Reagan/Thatcher/John Paul II:	All worked together to bring down communism Fall of Communism began in East Germany Gorbachev and end to Communism in Soviet Union Saddam Hussein and Kuwait invasion 9/11/Saddam Hussein/Osama Bin Laden

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US History Final