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History
Henry VIII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In 1509, who was considered top of the countryside hierarchy? | Nobility |
| In 1509, who was considered bottom of the countryside hierarchy? | Homeless |
| In 1509, who was considered top of the towns hierarchy? | Merchants |
| In 1509, who was considered bottom of the towns hierarchy? | Unemployed people |
| What did people believe about their place in society? | God had given them their place + they had to respect those above and care for those below |
| Give 3 facts about the wool trade. | A source of wealth for gentry and nobility that owned sheep, exports increased king's wealth, wool mainly exported to the netherlands |
| Give 3 facts about the cloth trade. | Exported mainly to Netherlands and Belgium, run by merchants, most cloth was woven in Yorkshire and SE and SW England |
| Give 2 features of London in 1509.. | Largest city in England, the king and royal court were frequently based here |
| Give 3 facts about Henry as a person. | Strong athlete, multilingual, musician |
| Why was Henry VII unpopular with noblemen? | He taxed them heavily |
| Give 3 of Henry's beliefs | He had been appointed by God (divine right of kings), the monarchy and the court were at the centre of life in England, people had a duty to obey him |
| Give 3 things Henry did in his personal style of government. | Used Royal Council and privy chamber to help make decisions, delegated power as routine tasks bored him, increasingly made use of 1 personal advisor or chief minister |
| Give 3 of Henry's strengths. | Young and different to his father, his wife (Catherine of Aragon) gave him strong connections to Spain, England was rich and the Crown was not in debt |
| Give 3 of Henry's weaknesses. | Very young and had little experience, had little interest in day-to-day government and was happy to delegate power to others, he took part in risky dangerous sports |
| Give 3 of Henry's aims | Achieve victory in battles abroad, win back lands from France, produce a male heir to the throne |
| Give 2 aspects about Wolsey's personality. | Extremely intelligent and willing to carry out the King's wishes |
| What was Wolsey's wealth like? | Very wealthy due to his large amount of jobs, and 10x richer than his nearest rival |
| When and what were Wolsey's roles? | Lord Chancellor and a cardinal by 1515 |
| Give 2 reasons for Wolsey's rise to power. | He was able to exert influence over Henry, he carried out the boring but important tasks Henry avoided |
| Another reason for his rise was the War with France, explain how. | 1512, he organised a well equipped and well supplied army by 1513, he demonstrated skills that Henry later relied on. |
| What did Wolsey do with Enclosure? What did it result in? | Set up an inquiry in 1517 to investigate this practice and reduce its effect on ordinary people. Resulted in 260 court cases against landowners |
| What did Wolsey do to raise money for Henry's battles abroad? (2) | The subsidy (tax on incomes), Forced loans (Major landowners had to lend government money in 1522 and 1523) |
| Give 3 changes Wolsey made to the justice system. | Oversaw cases himself, encouraged poor to bring cases to court, supported cases of poor against the rich |
| What and when were the Eltham Ordinances? | List of rules to tackle misspending and bad management of the palaces. |
| Give 3 of the Eltham Ordinances | Reduce the Privy chamber, cut spending on meals and servants, laying off sick or unneeded servants |
| Why was the Amicable Grant introduced? | To help pay for the invasion of France after it had been defeated in 1525 to recover lost lands |
| Give 2 reasons why this was controversial. | It hadn't been approved by Parliament, people only had 10 weeks to pay it and many couldn't afford it |
| Give 3 short term consequenses. | Many refused to pay, the tax was abandoned, Henry made peace with France |
| Give 3 long term consequenses. | Wolsey's reputation badly damaged and he had to take responsibility, Wolsey was unable to raise any further taxes, Henry began to doubt Wolsey's judgement |
| Give 3 of Wolsey's foreign policy aims. | Create better relationships with both France and the Hapsburg empire, play the Hapsburg Empire and France against each other, allow Henry to be seen as a major peacemaker |
| What was the Treaty of London 1518? | Promised universal peace by proposing each state would not attack each other and if one went to war other countries would aid the attacked. |
| What were the outcomes of the Treaty of London? | Signed by 20 European leaders, placed Henry and Wolsey at the centre of European politics, brought prestige to Henry |
| What was the 1520 Field of the cloth of Gold? | A meeting between Henry and Francis I, it was a great showcase for the 2 kings and an impressive display of English Power and wealth |
| Why did Wolsey's foreign policies fail? (2) | Charles gave Henry little military support, Francis negotiated a peace deal with Charles in the Treaty of Cambrai only telling Wolsey too late. |
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