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Performance Directio
Performance Direction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accelerando | Gradually Getting Faster |
| Accel. | Short for Accelerando. |
| Adagio | Slow |
| Ad libitum | At choice |
| Ad lib. | Short for Ad libitum |
| Agitato | Agitated |
| Alla breve | Duple time with minim beat |
| Alla marcia | In the style of a march |
| Allargando | Getting louder and faster |
| Allegretto | Rather quick |
| Allegro | Lively and fast |
| Amore | Love |
| Andante | At a walking pace |
| Anima | Spirit |
| Con Anima | With Sprit |
| Animato | Animated or lively tempo |
| Assai | Very |
| A tempo | Return to original tempo |
| Attacca | Go straight on - immediately move to the next section/movement |
| Ausdruck | with expression |
| Bewegt | Agitated Tempo |
| Calando | Dying away |
| Cantabile | In a singing style |
| Cedez | Slow the speed |
| Con | With |
| Crescendo | Getting Louder |
| Decrescendo | Getting softer |
| Diminuendo | Getting softer |
| Dolce | Sweet |
| Dolore | Sorrow |
| Doloroso | Sorrow |
| Douce | Sweet |
| Doux | Sweet |
| e | and |
| ed | and |
| et | and |
| en dehors | emphasised |
| expressivo | expressively |
| expressif | expressively |
| etwas | rather |
| fin | the end |
| fine | the end |
| gesangvoll | in a singing style |
| geschwind | quick |
| giocoso | playful, humorous |
| grave | very slow |
| grazioso | gracefully |
| immer | always |
| incalzando | getting faster |
| langsam | slow |
| larghetto | rather slow |
| largo | slow |
| lebhaft | lively |
| legato | smoothly |
| legerement | lightly |
| leggiero | lightly |
| leicht | lightly |
| lent | slow |
| lento | slow |
| ma | but |
| maestoso | majestically |
| ma non troppo | but not too much |
| main droite | right hand |
| mano destra | right hand |
| M.D | right hand |
| Main Gauche | left hand |
| Mano Sinistra | left hand |
| M.G | left hand |
| M.S | left hand |
| Marc. | Short for Marcato |
| Marcato | Accented and emphatic |
| Massig | At a walking pace |
| Meno | Less |
| Meno Mosso | Less Movement |
| Mezza | Half |
| Mezzo | Half |
| Mezza Voce | In an undertone |
| Mezzo Forte | Moderately Loud |
| Mezzo Piano | Moderately Soft |
| mit | with |
| moderato | moderate speed |
| modere | moderate speed |
| molto | much |
| morendo | dying away |
| mosso | movement |
| moto | movement |
| movimento | movement |
| mouvement | movement |
| mouvt | movement |
| nicht | not |
| nobilmente | non |
| pesante | heavily |
| peu | little |
| piano | soft |
| piu | more |
| plus | more |
| poco | little |
| poco a poco | little by little |
| prima | first |
| primo | first |
| quasi | as if |
| retenu | a little slower |
| Rigoroso | Strictly |
| Rigore | Strictly |
| rinforzando | reinforcing |
| rinf | reinforcing |
| rinforzato | reinforcing |
| rfz | reinforcing |
| rf | reinforcing |
| ritenuto | held back |
| riten. | held back |
| rit. | held back |
| rubato | tempo is allowed some flexibility for expressive purposes |
| ruhig | calmy |
| scherzando | playfully |
| scherzoso | playfully |
| schnell | fast |
| sec | short, detached |
| secco | short, detached |
| Sehr | very |
| semplice | simple |
| Sempre | always |
| senza | without |
| sforzando | accented |
| sforzato | accented |
| sfz | accented |
| sf | accented |
| simile | simular |
| Sim. | Simular |
| Smorzando | Dying Away |
| Smorz. | Dying away |
| sopra | above |
| Sostenuto | Sustained |
| Sost. | Sustained |
| Sotto | Below |
| Sotto voce | in an undertone |
| sourdine | mute |
| spiccato | detached |
| spiritoso | Spirited |
| Staccato | detached |
| Stac. | detached |
| Stretto | Getting Faster |
| Stringendo | Getting faster |
| subito | suddenly |
| suss | Sweetly |
| tempo | the speed |
| Tenuto | held |
| Ten. | held |
| Tranquillo | calm, transquil |
| traurig | sadly |
| Tremolando | Tremolo |
| tres | very |
| tristamente | sadly |
| triste | sadly |
| troppo | too much |
| tutti | passage for the ensemble |
| un/uno | one |
| una | one |
| un peu | a little |
| un poco | a little |
| und | and |
| unisono | two or more voices or instruments playing the same note simultaneously |
| unis | two or more voices or instruments playing the same note simultaneously |
| vif | lively |
| vite | lively |
| vivement | lively |
| zart | delicately |
| ziemlich | moderately |
| zu | too |
Created by:
Sumleung