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Physics 5

QuestionAnswer
What is the formula for work, and what does each variable represent? W = Fdcos(θ); W = work (J), F = force (N), d = displacement (m), θ = angle between force and displacement.
When is work positive, negative, or zero? Positive when force and displacement are in the same direction (θ=0°); negative when opposite (θ=180°); zero when there is no displacement.
How do you calculate work from a Force vs. Displacement graph? Work equals the area under the curve (area of the rectangle = F × d).
What is the formula for power, and what are its units? P = W/t; also P = Fv. Units are watts (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s. 1 horsepower = 746 W.
What is translational kinetic energy? Energy an object has due to its motion.
What happens to kinetic energy if speed is doubled? KE quadruples, because KE is proportional to v².
What is gravitational potential energy (near Earth's surface)? Energy stored due to an object's vertical position. The change in PE is path-independent.
What is elastic potential energy and its formula? Energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring.
What is mechanical energy? The sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system.
What is a conservative force? Give examples. A force where work done is path-independent (depends only on start and end positions). Examples: gravity, elastic (spring) force.
What is a nonconservative force? Give an example. A force where work done depends on the path taken. Example: friction, applied force, tension.
When is mechanical energy conserved? When only conservative forces act.
What is linear momentum and its formula? The quantity of motion of an object. p = mv; units are kg·m/s. It is a vector (same direction as velocity).
State the law of conservation of linear momentum. If the net external force on a system is zero, total momentum before an interaction equals total momentum after: p_i = p_f.
What is an elastic collision? A collision where both momentum AND kinetic energy are conserved.
What is an inelastic collision? A collision where momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is NOT. Some KE is lost to heat, sound, or deformation.
What is a perfectly inelastic collision? Objects collide and stick together, moving with the same final velocity. Maximum KE is lost, but momentum is conserved.
What is impulse and its formula? Impulse is the change in momentum. J = FΔt = Δp. Units are newton-seconds (N·s). It is a vector quantity.
How do you calculate impulse from a Force vs. Time graph? Impulse equals the area under the Force vs. Time curve.
What is center of mass? The point where all mass of a system is concentrated.
Created by: smurtab
 

 



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