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Schizo and Mood D
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | Psychotic disorder affecting thoughts, emotions, and behavior |
| Typical onset of schizophrenia | Late adolescence to early adulthood |
| Prevalence of schizophrenia | About 1% of population |
| Positive symptoms | Added/distorted behaviors |
| Negative symptoms | Loss of normal behaviors |
| Delusions | False fixed beliefs |
| Hallucinations | False sensory perceptions |
| Disorganized thinking | Illogical thoughts |
| Disorganized speech | Incoherent or unrelated speech |
| Flat affect | Little or no emotional expression |
| Alogia | Poverty of speech |
| Avolition | Lack of motivation |
| Anhedonia | Inability to feel pleasure |
| Social withdrawal | Avoiding social interaction |
| Which symptoms respond best to medication? | Positive symptoms |
| Early signs of schizophrenia | Isolation, poor hygiene, odd behavior |
| Earlier onset means | Worse prognosis |
| Common relapse cause | Medication nonadherence |
| Schizoaffective disorder | Psychosis plus mood disorder |
| Schizophreniform disorder | Schizophrenia symptoms lasting less than 6 months |
| Catatonia | Severe disturbance in movement/behavior |
| Delusional disorder | Persistent delusions for 1 month or longer |
| Brief psychotic disorder | Psychosis lasting 1 day to 1 month |
| Main treatment for schizophrenia | Antipsychotic medications |
| Preferred antipsychotics | Atypical antipsychotics |
| Psychosocial treatments | CBT, social skills training, psychoeducation |
| Nursing priority in schizophrenia | Safety and therapeutic communication |
| Goal of treatment | Recovery and improved functioning |
| Medication teaching | Do not stop medications abruptly |
| Substance teaching | Avoid alcohol and drugs |
| Mood disorders | Persistent changes in mood that impair functioning |
| Anergia | Lack of energy |
| Two major mood disorders | Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder |
| MDD duration | At least 2 weeks |
| Main symptoms of MDD | Sadness, anhedonia, fatigue, sleep/appetite changes |
| Anhedonia | Loss of pleasure or interest |
| Severe depression may include | Suicidal thoughts |
| Bipolar disorder | Episodes of depression and mania |
| Mania | Elevated mood with increased energy |
| Common mania symptoms | Grandiosity, less sleep, talkative, risk-taking |
| Hypomania | Mild mania without severe impairment |
| Mixed episode | Mania and depression at the same time |
| Dysthymia (PDD) | Chronic depression lasting 2+ years |
| Cyclothymic disorder | Mild mood swings between hypomania and depression |
| SAD | Seasonal depression treated with light therapy |
| Biggest suicide risk factor | Previous suicide attempt |
| Other suicide risk factors | Depression, substance use, isolation, hopelessness |
| Suicide warning signs | Talking about death, withdrawal, giving away possessions |
| Sudden mood improvement may mean | Suicide plan has been made |
| Biological cause of mood disorders | Genetics and neurotransmitter imbalance |
| Neurotransmitters involved | Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine |
| First nursing priority | Safety |
| Important assessments | Mood and suicide risk |
| Mania environment | Quiet, low stimulation |
| Communication with mania | Short, simple, direct statements |
| Nutrition concern in mania | Weight loss and dehydration |
| Mood stabilizer | Lithium |
| Lithium therapeutic level | 0.6–1.2 mEq/L |
| Signs of lithium toxicity | Tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion |
| DIGFAST | Mnemonic for mania symptoms |
| D | Distractibility |
| I | Indiscretion/Impulsivity |
| G | Grandiosity |
| F | Flight of Ideas |
| A | Activity Increase |
| S | Sleep Deficit |
| T | Talkative/Pressured Speech |
| Priority nursing diagnosis in mania | Risk for Injury |
| Best relapse prevention | Medication adherence |
| Key teaching | Take medications as prescribed; do not stop abruptly |
| If suicidal thoughts occur | Call 988 or seek emergency help |
| Most common psychiatric diagnosis associated with suicide | Mood disorders |
| Psychotic depression | Depression with hallucinations or delusions |
| Percentage of MDD clients with psychotic depression | 10–20% |
| Substance-induced mood disorder | Mood changes caused by drugs, alcohol, or medications |
| Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) | Persistent irritability and severe temper outbursts in children |
| Age of onset for DMDD | Before age 10 |
| Why should sleep be promoted in mania? | Sleep deprivation worsens mania |
| Why do manic patients often need finger foods? | They cannot sit still long enough to eat |
| Why do manic patients test limits? | Poor judgment and impulsivity |
| Biopsychosocial model | Mood disorders result from biological, psychological, and social factors |
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