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A#11 Ch. 7 SCOTUS
Judicial Branch Vocabulary Quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dual court system | A court system made up of both federal and state courts EX: Australia has a High Court system where the judges in it, unlike the judges in the dual court system , take matters at both the federal and state levels. |
| Jurisdiction | Def: A court’s authority to hear and decide cases. My mom used her jurisdiction when she decided whether my brother or I left the dirty dish in the sink. |
| Exclusive jurisdiction | A case that falls under exclusive jurisdiction of federal court; only that level of courts has the authority to hear and decide the matter. |
| Concurrent jurisdiction | When two or more courts get the authority to hear and decide a case. In some states, a family court and a general court may have concurrent jurisdiction over a divorce case. |
| Presumed | Assumed or supposed to be true When he crossed paths with his former college roommate, he presumed that he would say “hi” to him, but the former roommate just walked past him. |
| Original jurisdiction | The authority to hear cases for the first time. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases involving disputes between states or cases involving foreign diplomats. |
| Appellate jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court. After I appealed the state court decision, the federal court reviewed it and made a change. The federal court, being at the appellate jurisdiction, was allowed to do this. |
| Ruling | The official decision by a judge or a court that settles a case and may also establish the meaning of a law The guilty ruling of the court ultimately resulted in the defendant getting a life sentence. |
| Opinion | A view or judgment formed on something In the opinion of the court, the defendant was guilty of assault and battery. |
| Precedent | A ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case. The Judge referred to an earlier precedent when making her decision in the current case. |
| Litigant | One of the parties involved in a lawsuit In the friends’ argument, John and Dan acted as some sort of litigants , as Dan was accusing John of stealing his coat, but John denied the accusation. |
| Tenure | The right to hold an office once a person is confirmed The judge’s long tenure on the bench earned her great respect in the legal community and allowed her to make some tough decisions since she had the job for life. |
| Subpoena | An order that requires a person to appear in court. The court issued a subpoena , so the employees at the accounting firm had no choice but to appear for trial and testify about what they witnessed at the company that was being sued. |
| Consent | To express willingness or to agree; approval He did not give consent for the officers to search her house after they said they did not have a warrant. |
| Preliminary | Something that introduces or comes before something else Tom was out of the running for the championship after he lost in the swimming preliminaries . |
| Judicial review | The power of the Supreme Court to say whether any federal, state, or local law or government action goes against the Constitution. The Supreme Court exercised judicial review to determine whether the new law was constitutional. |
| Constitutional | Following the Constitution. Freedom of speech is a constitutional right protected by the First Amendment. |
| Nullify | To cancel legally. The judge nullified the new state law banning books that dealt with sensitive topics, reminding the legislators that the First Amendment prohibits that type of thing. |
| Challenge | To object to a decision or outcome. The law has been challenged in court, but the judges have not yet taken up the case. |
| Writ of certiorari | A order of higher court issues to a lower court to obtain the records of the lower court in particular case |
| Docket | court’s schedule, showing the schedule of cases it is to hear. |
| Caseload | A judge’s or court’s workload of cases in a period. Given the science lab’s caseload , results from the lab experiments likely won't be available any time soon. |
| Brief | A written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case. My mom made my brother and I write a brief to explain why we were not the ones who left the dirty dish in the sink. |
| Stare decisis | The process of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding Judges tend to follow stare decisis to decide different cases so that they can make their laws sound more predictable and consistent. |
| Concurring opinion | A statement written by a justice who votes with the majority, but for different reasons The justice agreed with six other judges but wrote their own concurring opinion since they had a different take on the constitutionality of the case. |
| Dissenting opinion | A statement written by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her own opinion. During the debate, one student had a dissenting opinion , which was unpopular with the lion’s share of the participants. |
| Unanimous opinion | The Supreme Court rules on a case in which all justices agree on a ruling During the trial, the jury was of the unanimous opinion that the defendant was not guilty. |
| Draft | A preliminary version of something The justices wrote numerous drafts before agreeing upon a finalized document. |
Created by:
jakerboi