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drugs immune system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allergen | A substance that causes an allergic reaction. |
| allergy | A hypersensitive reaction by the immune system to a typically harmless substance. |
| antibodies | Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy foreign substances. |
| antigens | Substances that trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. |
| antitoxins | Antibodies that neutralize toxins produced by bacteria or other microorganisms. |
| attenuation | The process of weakening a pathogen (virus or bacteria) to create a vaccine. |
| autism | A developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. |
| autoimmune hemolytic anemia | A condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys red blood cells. |
| B lymphocytes | A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. |
| contraindication | A specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or vaccine should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. |
| hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. |
| hilum | The point where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter or exit an organ. |
| immunogen | A substance capable of provoking an immune response. |
| immunogenicity | The ability of a substance to provoke an immune response. |
| immunoglobulin | Antibodies that play a key role in the immune response. |
| immunology | The study of the immune system and its functions. |
| inactivated vaccines | Vaccines that use killed pathogens to stimulate an immune response. |
| innate immunity | The body’s natural defense mechanisms present from birth. |
| killer cells | Immune cells that kill infected or abnormal cells. |
| live attenuated vaccines | Vaccines that use weakened forms of pathogens to stimulate an immune response. |
| lymph nodes | Small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and play a role in immune responses. |
| lymphatic sinuses | Spaces within lymph nodes that allow lymph to flow through and be filtered. |
| natural active acquired immunity | Immunity acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen, resulting in antibody production. |
| passive acquired immunity | Immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another source, such as from mother to baby. |
| plasma cells | Differentiated B cells that produce large amounts of antibodies. |
| precaution | A warning or measure taken to prevent harm or adverse effects. |
| spleen | An organ that filters blood, stores blood cells, and plays a role in immune responses. |
| T lymphocytes | A type of white blood cell that plays a role in cell-mediated immunity. |
| toxoid | A bacterial toxin that has been weakened and can be used to stimulate an immune response. |
| trabeculae | Columns of tissue that provide support and structure to organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes. |
| antigens | Substances that trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. |
| hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. |
| IgG | protects against disease and is found in blood and lymphocytes. The normal concentration of IgG in the blood is about 70%–80% of the total antibodies. IgG is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placental barrier and protects against red and white ce |
| Cytokines | chemicals involved in activating T and B-cell responses |
| RHo(D) Immune globulin (Rhogam) | given to pregnant people who are Rh negative and have been exposed to Rh positive. |
| Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity | occurs when an IgE antibody response is directed against innocuous environmental antigens such as pollen, house-dust mites, or animal dander. |
| Type II, or antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity | occurs when an antibody, usually IgG, binds to either a self-antigen or a foreign antigen on cells, which leads to phagocytosis, killer cell activity, or complement-mediated lysis |
| Type III hypersensitivity | develops when immune complexes are formed in large quantities or cannot be cleared adequately from the body, leading to serum sickness-type reactions. |
| Type IV, or delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) | most seriously manifested when antigens (e.g., those on tubercle bacilli) are trapped in a macrophage and cannot be cleared. Other aspects of DTH reactions are seen in graft rejection and allergic contact dermatitis. |
| Asthma drugs | Albuterol Ventolin ProAir Proventil, Budesonide Pulmicort, Fluticasone Flovent, Salmeterol Serevent, Fluticasone + Salmeterol Advair, Budesonide + Formoterol Symbicort, |
| Eczema drugs | Hydrocortisone cream Cortizone Cortaid, Betamethasone Diprosone, Tacrolimus Protopic, Dupilumab Dupixent, Cyclosporine Sandimmune |
| Anaphylaxis drugs | Epinephrine EpiPen Adrenaclick, Diphenhydramine Benadryl, Ranitidine Zantac, Corticosteroids Methylpresdnisolone |
| Lupus Erythematosus drugs | Hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil, Prednisone Deltasone, Methotrexate Rheumatrex, Azathioprine Imuran, Belimumab Benlysta |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis drugs | secukinumab Cosentyx |
| Sjorgren's Syndrome drugs | pilocarpine (Salagen®) and cevimeline (Evoxac®) can be used to simulate saliva production. When Sjogren’s affects major organs, cyclophosphamide, (rituximab [Benlysta®], and azathioprine [Imuran®]) |
| Psoriatic Arthritis | methotrexate (Trexall®), leflunomide (Arava®), and sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), Methotrecate Rheumatrex, Etanerept Enbrel, Adalimumab Humira |
| Psoriasis | Betamethasone Diprolene, Calcipotriene Dovonex, Methotrexate Rheumatrex, Secukinumab Cosentyx |
| Vitiligo drugs | monobenzone Benoquin |
| Hodgkin's disease / hodgkin's lymphoma | A: d oxorubicin (A driamycin®) B: b leomycin (Blenoxane®) V: v inblastine (Velban®) D: d acarbazine (DTIC-Dome®) |
| non-hodgkin's lymphoma | cyclophosphamide cytoxan, hyroxydaunorubicin (doxorubicin) adriamycin, vincristine vincasar PFS oncovin, prednisone or prednisolone deltasone or prelone, rituximab rituxan |
| HIV/AIDS | tenofovir + emtricitabine truvada, dolutegravir tivicay, bctegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir biktarvy, tenofovir/emtricitabine + efavirenz atripla |
| Vaccines | Adenovirus, Anthrax BioThrax, DTaP Daptacel Infanrix, DT, DTaP-IPV Kinrix Quadracel, DTaP-Hep B-IPV Pediarix, DTaP-IPV/Hib Pentacel, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) PedvaxHIB® ActHIB® Hiberix®, Hep A Havrix, Hep A Vqata, Hep B Engerix-B Recombivax HB |
| Vaccines | Hepatitis A-Hepatitis B Twinrix, Herpes zoster (shingles) Zostavax Shingrix, Human papillomavirus (HPV) Gardasil Gardasil 9 Cervarix, Influenza Fluarix Fluvirin Flucelvax Fluzone Fluzone high-dose Fluad Fluzone intradermal |
| Vaccines | Influenza Flublock Flulaval Afluria Quadrivalent FluMist quadrivalent, Japanese encephalitis Iziaro, Measles-mumps-rubella M-M-R II, Measles-mumps- ProQuad, Meningococcal Menactra Menveo Bexsero Trumenba, Pheumococcal Pneumovax 12 Prevnar 13, Polio Ipol, |
| Vaccines | Rabies Imovax Rabies RabAvert, Rotavirus Rota Teq Rotarix, Tetanus (reduced) Diphtheria (Td) Tenivac, Tetanus (reduced), Diphtheria (reduced), Pertussis (Tdap) Boostrix Adacel, Tetanus toxoid, Vaccinia (smallpox) ACAM2000, Varicella Varivax |
| Vaccine | Yellow fever YF-Vax |
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